Chapter 13
一． Chapter Summary
1. Liner transport is the import transport of cargoes from one aport to another along regular
maritime routes according to a schedule. Liner rates usually include the stevedoring charges for
loading and unloading.
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2. Liner transport freight covers basic freight and various kinds of surcharges. Basic freight may be
collected according to weight, measurement, weight or measurement, ad, val., weight/measure or ad
val. Surcharges include bunker adjustment factor, port surcharges, transshipment surcharg
es, heavy lift
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and long length additional, etc.
金锣信息化平台3. Charter transport is a tramp rvice, picking up cargo only when it is chartered(hired)from the ship
owner. There are two types of charter transport’ voyage charter and time charter.
4. Under a voyage-charter party, the vesl remains under the control of the ship owner who is
responsible for equipping and manning the vesl. Some terms ud specially in voyage charter-party
are: liner terms, FI(Free In), FO(Free Out), FIO(Free In and Out), lay days, dispatch money and
demurrage.
5. Time charter means the ship owner agrees to charter a vesl to the charter for a specified period of
time.
6. Rail transport is a major mode of transport in terms of capacity, only cond to ocean transport. It is
popular in multimodal transport and transshipment and widely ud in landbridges.
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7. Air transport has the benefits of faster delivery, better curity, less packaging and lower insurance,
though it is generally perceived as expensive. There are three types of air transport rvices: schedule
airline, chartered carriers, and consolidated consignments by freight forwarders.
8.Intermodal transport involves the transport of freight in an intermodal container or vehicl
e, using
multiple modes of transport(rail, ship, and truck), without any handling of the freight itlf when
changing modes.
9. Containerization has the advantages of lowing charges, risks and improving efficiency. The modes
of container rvices include CY/CY,CY/CFS,CFS/CY and FS/CFS. Container capacity is measured
in twenty-foot equivalent units(TEU, or sometimes teu). Most containers today are of the 40-ft忽略拼音
(12.2m)variety and are known as 40-foot containers.
10. The three functions performed by a bill of lading are: receipt for the goods, evidence o
f the
contract of carriage and document of title to the goods. There are a number of different types of bill of
lading including shipped (on board) B/L, received for shipment B/L, clean B/L and unclean B/L,
straight B/L, blank B/L and order B/L, direct B/L, transshipment B/L, through B/L, liner B/L,
charter-party B/L, container B/L, long form B/L, short form B/l, on deck, B/L, stale B/L, ante-dated
B/L and advanced B/L.
11. The three rules governing bill of lading are the Hague, Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules, The
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Hague Rules were generally well received and have been adopted 58 maritime nations. There are
some weakness of the Hague Rules. The Hague-Visby Rules 1968 made some important amendments
to the Hague Rules. Hamburg Rules drafted in 1978 and came into force on November 1,1992, and
廉洁感悟veral major amendments were made in the Rules.
12. Sea waybill is receipt or the goods, an evidence of contract of carriage, but it is not a document of
title. The functions of air waybill are the same as a waybill. Multimodal transport documents
evidence the contract of carriage of goods by at least two modes of transport.
13. Shipment clau usually includes time of shipment, port(place) of shipment and destination, partial
shipment and transshipment,etc.
二． Review Questions
A. Brief define the concepts
1. liner transport
2. voyage charter
3. charter-party
4. lay days
5. dispatch money
6. demurrage
7. time charter
8. landbridge transport
9. Intermodal transport(multimodal transport)
10. Bill of lading
11.shipped B/L
12. Received for shipment B/L
13. Clean B/L
14.unclean B/L
15.straight B/L
16.blank B/L
17.order B/L
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18.blank endoresment
19.direct B/L
20.transshipment B/L
21.through B/L
22. Liner B/L
23.charterparty B/L
24.container B/L
25.long form B/L (or blank back B/L)
27. On deck B/L
28.stale B/L
29.ante-dated B/L
30,advanced B/L
31.a waybill
32.Air waybill
B.Questions and problems
1.What are the functions performed by ocean Bs/L?
2.In international trade ,why do the importer usually require the exporter to provide "clean on board
