2017年北京航空航天大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
第一部分:将下列术语翻译成中文(本题共15分,每小题各1分)。
大年三十年夜饭菜谱
1. functional equivalence
【答案】功能对等
2. mantic void
【答案】语义空缺
3. Skopos theory
【答案】翻译目的论
4. source language
【答案】源语言
5. lexical translation
【答案】词法翻译
6. interlingual translation
【答案】语际翻译什么花不能采
7. idiomatic translation
【答案】地道翻译
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8. paraphra
【答案】释译
9. explicitation
【答案】明示
10. court interpreting
【答案】法庭传译
11. loan translation
【答案】翻译借词
瑞赢物业12. information load
【答案】信息负荷
13. target-text oriented translation studies 【答案】目标文本取向翻译研究
14. mediating language
【答案】中介语言
some的用法15. subtitling
【答案】配字幕
第二部分:将下列术语翻译成英文(本题共15分,每小题各1分)。
1. 语内翻译
【答案】intralingual translation
2. 形式对等
【答案】formal equivalence
3. 国际译联
【答案】International Federation of Translators
4. 翻译普遍特征
【答案】universals of translation
5. 同声传译
【答案】simultaneous interpreting
6. 机助翻译
【答案】MAT (Machine-aided Translation)
7. 双语语料库
【答案】bilingual corpora
8. 文本类型学
【答案】text typology
9. 规定翻译研究
【答案】prescriptive translation studies
10. 语用翻译
巧克力娃娃鱼【答案】pragmatic translation
11. 文本规范
【答案】text norms
12. 语境一致
【答案】contextual consistency
13. 耳语传译
【答案】whispered interpreting
14. 成分分析
【答案】componential analysis
15. 交际翻译风起苍岚小说原版
【答案】communicative translation
第三部分:英译汉(本题共60分,每段20分)。
1
New rearch shows that text-bad communications may make individuals sound less intelligent and employable than when the same information is communicated orally. The findings imply that old-fashioned phone conversations or in-person visits may be more effective when trying to impress a prospective employer or, perhaps, clo a deal. Vocal cues “show that we are alive inside —thoughtful, active,” said Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and one of two co-authors of the paper, The Sound of Intellect published in Psychological Science this month. “Text strips that out,” he added.
【参考译文】
消化不好怎么调理新的研究表明,与口头传达相同的信息相比,基于文本的交流可能会给人留下不那么聪明,不适合工作的印象。研究结果表明,在试图给未来的雇主留下深刻印象或达成一笔交易时,老式的电话交谈或当面拜访可能更有效。芝加哥大学布斯商学院的行为科学教授尼古拉
斯·埃普利,也是本月发表在《心理科学》上《智慧之声》的两位作者之一,他说,用声音交流表明我们思维活跃——有思想、表现积极”。他补充说:“短信却不能给人这样的感受。”
2
Hard work and perverance will always be ingredients for success, but higher inequality has sharply tilted the landscape and made having successful parents, if not esntial, certainly a central part of the recipe. American children raid at the top, and at the bottom, are more likely to land on the same rung of the income ladder as their fathers than their Canadian counterparts. More than one-quarter of sons raid by fathers in the top 10 percent stay in the top 10 percent as adults, and another quarter fall no further than the top third. Meanwhile, half of tho raid by fathers in the bottom 10 percent remain at the bottom or ri no further than the bottom third. In Canada there is less stickiness at the top, and children raid in the bottom are more likely to ri to the top half in earnings.
【参考译文】
努力工作和坚持不懈是成功的要素,但更大的不平等已经在加剧失衡这种情况了。拥有成功的父母,不说一定是成功的决定性因素,但确实是成功秘诀的核心。与加拿大的孩子相比,在美国各个阶层长大的孩子更有可能和他们的父亲处于同一收入阶层。10%的富人父亲抚养长大的儿子有超过四分之一成年后收入仍保持在前10%,另外四分之一的儿子收入位列在收入的前三分之一。与此同时,处在收入底层的10%的父亲抚养长大的孩子中,有一半孩子仍然处于收入底层,或者收入不会高于底层的三分之一。在加拿大,顶层阶级固化没那么严重,处于社会底层的孩子更有可能进入社会顶层。