pertain (v.)
early 14c., from O.Fr. partenir“to belong to” and directly from L. pertinere“to reach, stretch; relate, have reference to; belong, be the right of; be applicable,” from per-“through” (e per) + tenere“to hold” (e tenet). Related: Pertained; pertaining.
pertinacious (adj.)
1620s, from pertinacy(late 14c.; e pertinacity) + -ous. Related: Pertinaciously.
pertinacity (n.)
c.1500, from M.Fr. pertinacité(early 15c.), from O.Fr. pertinace“obstinate, stubborn,” from L. pertinacem(nom. pertinax) “very firm, tenacious, steadfast, pervering,” from per-“very” (e per) + tenax (e tenacious). It drove out earlier pertinacy (late 14c.).
pertinence (n.)
1650s, from Fr. pertenance or formed in English from pertinent + -ence. pertinent (adj.)
late 14c., from Anglo-Fr. purtinaunt(late 13c.), O.Fr. partenant(mid-13c.) and directly from L. pertinentem(nom. pertinens) “pertaining,” prp. of pertinere“to relate, concern” (e pertain). Related: Pertinently.
perturb (v.)
late 14c., from O.Fr. perturber“disturb, confu” (14c.) and directly from L. perturbare“to confu, disorder, disturb,” especially of states of the mind, from per-“through” (e per) + turbare“disturb, confu,” from turba “turmoil, crowd” (e turbid). Related: Perturbed; perturbing. perturbate (adj.)
1560s, from L. perturbatus“troubled, disturbed, agitated,” pp. of perturbare (e perturb).
perturbation (n.)
late 14c., from O.Fr. perturbacion“disturbance, confusion” (14c.) and directly from L. perturbationem(nom. perturbatio) “confusion, disorder, disturbance,” noun of action from pp. stem of perturbare (e perturb). perturbed (adj.)
1510s, pp. adjective from perturb (v.).
pertussis (n.)
“whooping cough,” 1670s (Sydenham), from Mod.L. pertussis, from per-“thoroughly” + tussis“cough,” of unknown origin.
Peru
from Sp. Peru, said to be from Quechua pelu“river.” Related: Peruvian. peruke (n.)
1540s, “natural head of hair,” from M.Fr. perruque(late 15c.), from It. perrucca“head of hair, wig,” of uncertain origin;suppod by some to be connected to L. pilus“hair,” “but the phonetic difficulties are considerable” [OED]. Meaning “artificial head of hair, periwig” is attested from 1560s. perusal (n.)简易版三明治
c.1600, from peru + -al (2).
peru (v.)
late 15c., “u up, wear out, go through,” from M.E. per-“completely” (e per) + u(v.). Meaning “read carefully” is first recorded 1530s, but this could be a parate formation. Meaning “read casually” is from 19c. Related: Perud; perusing.
perv (n,)
自评意见
also perve, 1944, slang shortening of (xual) pervert (n.). As a slang verb, by 1941 as “to act erotically” (intrans.), by 1959 as “to eroticize” something (trans.).
作文万能评语pervade (v.)
1650s, from L. pervadere“spread or go through,” from per-“through” + vadere“to go” (e vamoo). Related: Pervaded; pervading.
pervasive (adj.)
1750, from L. pervas-, pp. stem of pervadere (e pervade) + -ive.
perver (adj.)
mid-14c., “wicked,” from O.Fr. pervers“unnatural, degenerate; perver, contrary” (12c.) and directly from L. perversus“turned away, contrary, askew,” figuratively, “turned away from what is right, wrong, malicious, spiteful,” pp. of pervertere“to corrupt” (e pervert (v.)). The Latin word is glosd in Old English by forcerred, from pp. of forcyrran“to avoid,” fro m cierran“to turn, return.” Meaning “wrong, not in accord with what is accepted” is from 1560s; n of “obstinate, stubborn” is from 1570s. It keeps the non-xual ns of pervert (v.) and allows the psychological ones to go with perverted.
Related: Perverly; perverness.
perversion (n.)
late 14c., “action of turning aside from truth, corruption, distortion” (originally of religious beliefs), from L. perversionem(nom. perversio) “a turning about,” noun of action from pp. stem of pervertere (e pervert (v.)). Psychological n of “disorder of xual behavior in which satisfaction is sought through channels other than tho of normal heteroxual intercour” is from 1892, originally including homoxuality.
Perversions are defined as unnatural acts, acts contrary to nature, bestial, abominable, and detestable. Such laws are interpretable only in accordance with the ancient tradition of the English common law which ... is committed to the doctrine that no xual activity is justifiable unless its objective is procreation. [A.C. Kiny, et.al., “Sexual Behavior in the Human Male,” 1948] perversity (n.)
1520s, from M.Fr. perversité“depravity, degeneracy” (12c.), from L. perversitatem(nom. perversitas) “forwardness, untowardness,” from perversus (e perver).
pervert (v.)
c.1300 (trans.), “to turn someone aside from a right religious belief to a fal or erroneous one,” from O.Fr. pervertir“pervert, undo, destroy” (12c.) and
directly from L. pervertere“overthrow, overturn,” figuratively “to cor rupt, subvert, abu,” lit. turn the wrong way, turn about,” from per-“away” (e per) + vertere“to turn” (e versus). Related: Perverted; perverting. Replaced native froward, which embodies the same image. Old English had mishweorfed“perverted, inverted,” an identical formation to the Latin word using native elements.
pervert (n.)
1660s, “one who has forsaken a doctrine or system regarded as true, apostate,” from pervert(v.). Psychological n of “one who has a perversion of the xual instinct” is attested from 1897 (Havelock Ellis), originally especially of homoxuals.
perverted (adj.)
1660s, “turned from the right way,” pp. adjective from pervert(v.). With implied xual n by 1897.
pervious (adj.)
“penetrable, accessible, permeable,” 1610s, from L. pervius“that may be pasd through” (e impervious).
pesky (adj.)
1775, originally in New England dialect, perhaps a dialectal formation from pest (cf. plaguy“confounded, annoying, disagreeable”). Partridge suggests an origin in Esx dialect.
peso (n.)
“Spanish coin,” 1550s, from Sp. peso, lit. “a weight,” from L. pensum, properly pp. of pendere“to hang, to cau to hang” (e pendant).
pessary (n.)
c.1400, from L.L. pessarium, from Gk. pessarion“medicated tampon of wool or lint,” dim. o f pessos“pessary,” earlier “oval stone ud in games,” perhaps of Semitic origin.
pessimism (n.)
1794 “worst condition possible,” borrowed (by Coleridge) from Fr. pessimisme, formed (on model of Fr. optimisme) from L. pessimus“worst,” originally “bottom-most,” from PIE *ped-samo-, superlative of root *pes-“foot” (e foot (n.)). As a name given to the doctrines of Schopenhauer, Hartmann, etc., that this is the worst possible world, or that everything tends toward evil, it is first recorded 1835, from Ger. pessimismus(Schopenhauer, 1819). The attempt to make a verb of it as pessimize (1862) did not succeed.
pessimist (n.)
1820, “one who habitually expects the worst” (Knowles' dictionary, 1835, defines it as “A universal complainer”), from 19c. Fr. pessimiste(e pessimism).
pessimistic (adj.)中国历史最长的朝代
1866, from pessimist + -ic.
pest (n.)
1550s (in imprecations, “a pest upon ____,”etc.), “plague, pestilence,” from M.Fr. peste (1530s), from L. pestis“deadly contagious dia; a cur, bane,” of uncertain ori gin. Meaning “noxious or tr
oublesome person or thing” first recorded c.1600.
pester (v.)背影主要内容
1520s, “to clog, entangle, encumber,” probably aphetic of M.Fr. empestrer “place in an embarrassing situation” (Mod.Fr. empêtrer, Walloon epasturer), from V.L. *impastoriare“to hobble” (an animal), from L. im-“in” + M.L. pastoria (chorda)“(rope) to hobble an animal,” from L. pastoria, fem. of pastorius“of a herdsman,” from pastor“herdsman” (e pastor (n.)). Sen of “annoy, trouble” (1560s) is from influence of pest. Related: Pestered; pestering.
pesticide (n.)
1939, a hybrid coined from English pest + Latinate -cide.
pestiferous (adj.)
mid-15c., “mischievous, pernicious,” figurative u of L. pestiferus“that brings plague or destruction,” variant of pestifer“bringing plague, destructive, noxious,” from pestis“plague” (e pest) + ferre“carry” (e infer). Related: Pestiferously; pestiferousness.
pestilence (n.)
c.1300, from O.Fr. pestilence“plague, epidemic” (12c.) and directly from L. pestilentia“a plague, an unwholesome atmosphere,” noun of condition from pestilentem(nom. pestilens) “infected, unwholesome, noxious,” from pestis “deadly dia, plague” (e pest).
pestilent (adj.)
late 14c., from L. pestilentem (nom. pestilens), from pestilis“of the nature of a plague,” from pestis“deadly contagious dia” (e pest(n.)). Related: Pestilently.
3个字的成语pestilential (adj.)
late 14c., from M.L. pestilentialis, from L. pestilentia“plague” (e pestilence). Related: Pestilentially.
pestle (n.)
mid-14c. (as a surname late 13c.), from O.Fr. pestel, from L. pistillum “pounder, pestle,” related to pinre“to pound,” from PIE *pis-to-, suffixed form of root *peis-“to crush” (cf. Skt. pinasti“pounds, crushes,” pistah “anything ground, meal,” Gk. ptisin“to winnow,” O.C.S. pišo, pichati“to push, thrust, strike,” pišenica“wheat,” Rus. pno“millet”).
pesto (n.)
olive oil-bad pasta sauce, 1937, from It. pesto,contracted form of pestato, pp. of pestare“to pound, to crush,” in reference to the crushed herbs and garlic in it, from Latin root of pestle.
pet (n.1)
柴油车和汽油车哪个好“tamed animal,” originally in Scottish and northern England dialect (and exclusively so until mid-18c.), of unknown origin. Sen of “indulged child”
(c.1500) is recorded slightly earlier than that o f “animal kept as a favorite” (1530s), but the latter may be the primary meaning. Probably associated with or influenced by petty. As a term of endearment by 1849. Teacher's pet is attested from 1890. Pet-shop from 1928.
pet (n.2)
“peevishness, offen at feeling slighted,” 1580s, in phra take the pet“take offen.” Perhaps from pet(n.1) on a similar notion to that in American English that gets my goat, but the underlying notion is obscure, and the form of the original expression makes this doubtful. This word ems to have been originally a southern English term, while pet (n.1) was northern and Scottish. pet (v.)
1620s, “treat as a pet,” from pet(n.1). Sen of “to stroke” is first found 1818. Slang n of “kiss an
d caress” is from 1920 (implied i n petting). Related: Petted.
pet peeve (n.)
“thing that provokes one most,” 1919, from pet(n.1) in the adjectival n “especially cherished” (1826), here in jocular or ironic u with peeve (n.). PETA海鲜披萨
acronym for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals; the group’s website says it was founded in 1980.
petal (n.)
1726 (earlier petala, 1704), from Mod.L. petalum“petal” (17c.), from Gk. petalon“a leaf; leaf of metal, thin plate,” noun u of neuter of adj. petalos “outspread, broad, flat,” from PI E root *pete-“to spread out” (e pace (n.)). Related: Petaline.
petard (n.)
1590s, “small bomb ud to blow in doors and breach walls,” from Fr. pétard (late 16c.), from M.Fr. péter“break wind,” from O.Fr. pet“a fart,” from L. peditum, noun u of neuter pp. of pedere“to break
wind,” from PIE root *pezd-“to fart” (e feisty). Surviving in phra hoist with one's own petard (or some variant) “blown up with one's own bomb,” which is ultimately from Shakespeare (1605):
For tis the sport to haue the en giner Hoist with his owne petar (“Hamlet” III.iv.207).
See hoist.
petcock (n.)
also pet-cock, 1864, from cock(n.2); the signification of the first element is uncertain.
Pete
familiar form of masc. proper name Peter. For Pete's sake is attested from 1903 in a list of children's expressions published in Massachutts, probably a euphemistic u of the disciple's name in place of Christ; as an exclamation or quasi-oath, Peter!was in u 14c., but this likely is not connected to the modern u.
