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SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revid, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2007 SAE International
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TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:
Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)
Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) AMS 2460 AEROSPACE MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION
Issued JUL 2007
Plating, Chromium
RATIONALE AMS 2460 is a new specification to cover chromium plating, intended to replace AMS-QQ-C-320 (QQ-C-320).
NOTICE
ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the plating processor by the purchar:
1) Purcha Orders shall specify not less than the following:
• AMS 2460 • Part number and quantity of pieces to be plated • Class of plating. See 1.4.1. • For Class 1 plating, type of surface luster. See 1.4.2 and 3.5.1.2. • Plating thickness. See 3.4.1.2 and 3.4.1.3. • Underplating, if different from 3.3.2 • Basis metal to be plated •
Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal • Pre-plate stress relief (time and temperature) if different from 3.2.1, or instructions that pre-plate stress relief has already been performed prior to submitting parts to the plating processor, or statement that pre-plate stress relief is not required
• Plating coverage; special features, geometry or processing prent on parts that requires special attention by the plating processor
• Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by the plating processor (parameters or requirements document), if different from 3.3.4
• Peening requirements, if peening is required to be performed by the plating processor. See 3.1 and 8.4.1. • If tests for hardness, porosity, or hydrogen embrittlement are required for lot acceptance. See 4.2.1. • If adhesion is to be evaluated by grinding. See 3.4.2.1. and responsibility (plating processor or part fabricator) to perform this evaluation.
2) Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining, and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or if performed after plating, could adverly affect the plated part. The quencing of the types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchar and is not controlled by this specification, except as noted her
ein. Requirements for peening (3.1.1), basis metal quality (3.1.2), and preplating stress relief (3.2.1) require special coordination with the plating processor.
接电话用英语怎么说
1. SCOPE
1.1 Purpo
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited chromium plating.
1.2 Application
This plating has been ud typically as a decorative finish, to improve corrosion resistance, to increa wear resistance, to extend tool and die life, to maintain accuracy of gauges, and to recondition worn or undersized parts, but usage is not limited to such applications. While this document is primarily intended to address electrodeposition on steels, the process has been performed on aluminum, heat resistant alloys, high nickel alloys, super alloys, and other metals. The requirements of this specification are equivalent to AMS-QQ-320 but generally more stringent than AMS 2406. Thin Den Chrome plating should be specified by reference to AMS 2438.
1.2.1 Restriction
Application of chromium plating to steel parts having a hardness of 48 HRC (ultimate tensile strength of 238 ksi [1641 MPa]) or higher shall not be performed unless authorized by the design documentation of the cognizant engineering organization. See 4.4.1.2 and 8.4.2. Application of chromium plating for repair of steel parts having a hardness of 48 HRC(ultimate tensile strength of 238 ksi (1641 Mpa) or higher requires a special design evaluation and shall not be performed unless specific approval has been received from the cognizant engineering organization
Materials
1.3 Safety-Hazardous
While the materials, methods, applications and process described or referenced in this specification may involve the u of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such u. It is the responsibility of the ur to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper u of any hazardous materials, to take precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.
中华民国1.4 Classification
1.4.1 Class
Electrodeposited chromium plating shall be one of the following class.
Class 1 - Corrosion protective plating. See 8.4.3.
Class 2 - Engineering plating. See 8.4.4.
1.4.2 Appearance
Class 1 plating shall have one of the following types of lusters, as specified.
Type I - Bright finish
Type II - Satin finish.
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
生日礼物自己做
The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purcha order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subquent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. The supplier may also work to a prior revision of a document when directed by the cognizant engineering authority. When the referenced d
ocument has been cancelled and no superding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.
2.1 SAE
Publications
Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA),
AMS 2403 Nickel Plating, General Purpo
AMS 2406 Plating, Chromium, Hard Deposit
AMS 2438 Plating, Chromium, Thin, Hard, Den Deposit
AMS 2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts
AMS 2759/11 Stress Relief of Steel Parts
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
AMS-QQ-C-320 Chromium Plating, Electrodeposited
AMS-QQ-N-290 Nickel Plating (Electrodeposited)
Publications
2.2 ASTM
Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585,
ASTM B 253 Standard Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating
ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopic Examination of a Cross Section
ASTM B 499 Measurement of Coating Thick ness by the magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Ba Metals
ASTM B 504 Measuring the Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
ASTM B 556 Thin Chromium Coatings by the Spot Test, Guideline for Measurement of
ASTM B 567 Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by Beta Backscatter Method
ASTM B 568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry
ASTM B 571 Qualitative Adhesion of Metallic Coatings
ASTM B 748 Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope
ASTM B 764 Simultaneous Thickness and Electrochemical Potential Determination of Individual Layers on the Multilayer Nickel Deposit (STEP Test)
ASTM E 384 Test Method for Microhardness of Materials
ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Plating Process and Service Environments
2.3 Aerospace Industries Association Publications
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Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, Tel: 703-358-1000,
NASM1312-12 Fastener Test Methods, Thickness of Metallic Coatings
3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 The requirements for peening (3.1.1) and basis metal quality (3.1.2) are established by the cognizant engineering
organization and, unless otherwi specified, are the responsibility of the part fabricator.
3.1.1 Peening
When specified, parts shall be peened prior to plating. Unless otherwi specified, such peening shall be accomplished on all surfaces for which the plating is required and on all immediately adjacent surfaces that contain notches, fillets or other abrupt changes of ction size. See 8.4.1. Peening shall be performed by or on behalf of the part fabricator, unless specifically delegated to the plating processor.
3.1.2 Basis Metal Quality
The basis metal (parts) shall be submitted to the plating processor free from visible defects such as blemishes, prior pitting from corrosion, nicks, scratches, burrs or other geometrical or ba metal defects that could be detrimental to the appearance or performance of the plating. The plating processor shall perform such cleaning and plating procedures as necessary to yield a deposit that conforms to the specified requirements.
汉字研究3.2 Preparation
3.2.1 Stress Relief Treatment
Unless otherwi specified, steel parts 34 HRC (ultimate tensile strength 152 ksi [1048 MPa]) and higher that have been ground, machined, cold formed, or cold straightened after heat treatment shall be stress relieved by the plating processor. Stress relief shall conform to the requirements of AMS 2759/11. Depending on the metallurgical condition of the parts at time of plating (i.e., alloy, hardness, prior heat treatment - carburized, induction hardened, etc.), the cognizant engineering authority may elect to prescribe different stress relief requirements. Stress relief shall be preceded by cleaning to remove surface contamination; acid cleaning shall not be ud. See 8.4.2.3.
3.2.2 Cleaning
赋得古原草送别古诗的意思
The plating shall be applied over a surface free from water breaks. The cleaning procedure shall not produce pitting, intergranular attack, or hydrogen embrittlement of the basis metal and shall prerve dimensional requirements. See 8.4.2.
3.2.3 Electrical Contact Points
For parts which are to be plated all over, locations shall be acceptable to purchar. For parts which are not to be plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which plating is not required.
3.2.4 Aluminum alloys shall be zincate treated in accordance with ASTM B 253 or other method acceptable to purchar
prior to plating.
3.3 Procedure
3.3.1 Parts shall be plated by electrodeposition of chromium plating onto a properly prepared surface.
3.3.2 Underplating
Unless otherwi specified (8.6), the following apply:
3.3.2.1 Class 1 plating shall be applied over an intermediate plating of nickel in accordance with AMS 2403 or AMS-QQ-
N-290 on steel, zinc, and copper alloys.
3.3.2.2 Class 2 plating shall be deposited directly on the basis metal without a preliminary plating of another metal,
except parts made from maraging steel, or corrosion resistant steel, or aluminum alloy may receive a preliminary deposit of nickel or other suitable metal to a thickness not greater than 0.0002 inch (5 μm).
3.3.2.3 Underplate shall not be substituted for any portion of the specified chromium plate thickness.
3.3.3 Plating re-start procedures, if ud, shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organization. See
4.4.3.
3.3.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking)
Hydrogen embrittlement relief baking applies only to steel alloys unless otherwi specified by the cognizant engineering authority. At the option of the processor, hydrogen embrittlement relief baking may be performed on other families of alloys. If performed on other alloy families, all hydrogen embrittlement relief baking operations shall be documented. Hydrogen embrittlement relief baking shall be in accordance with AMS 2759/9, except as shown in Table 1. Depending on the metallurgical condition of the parts at time of plating (i.e., alloy, hardness, prior heat treatment - carburized, induction hardened, etc.), the cognizant engineering authority may elect to prescribe hydrogen embrittlement relief baking temperatures and times different from tho shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 - HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT RELIEF (BAKING) REQUIREMENTS (1)
Ultimate Tensile Strength Inch/Pound Units Ultimate Tensile Strength
SI Units Hardness
Time in Hours at
西兰花炒瘦肉375 o F (191 o C)
160 ksi to 182 ksi, excl. 1103 MPa to 1255 MPa, excl. 36 to 39 HRC 3
大便有粘液
182 ksi to 221 ksi, excl. 1255 MPa to 1518 MPa, excl. 40 to 45 HRC 8
221 ksi, and higher 1518 MPa, and higher 46 HRC and higher 23
(1) NOTE: All times shown are minimum times. For high strength steels 40 HRC (ultimate tensile strength
182 ksi [1255 MPa]) and higher, it may be beneficial, and the processor is permitted, to extend the baking
time to 23 hours to ensure complete relief from hydrogen embrittlement.
3.4 Properties
The plating shall conform to the following requirements:
3.4.1 Thickness
Thickness shall be as specified on the drawing, determined in accordance with any of the following
methods as applicable: ASTM B 487, ASTM B 499, ASTM B 504, ASTM B 556, ASTM B 567, ASTM B 568, ASTM B 748, ASTM B 764 or by other method acceptable to the purchar. NASM1312-12 may be ud for thickness measurement of plated fasteners. ASTM B 556 (spot test) may be ud for Class 1 plating, when a destructive procedure is applicable.
3.4.1.1 All surfaces of the part, except tho which cannot be touched by a sphere 0.75 inch (19 mm) in diameter, shall
be plated to the specified thickness. Unless otherwi specified, surfaces such as holes, recess, threads and other areas where a controlled deposit cannot be obtained under normal plating conditions, may be under the specified limit provided they show visual plating coverage. The plate shall be substantially uniform in thickness on significant surfaces except that build-up at exterior corners or edges shall be permitted provided finished drawing dimensions are met.
3.4.1.2 Class
1
Unless otherwi specified, the minimum thickness of Class 1 chromium plating shall be 0.00001 inch (0.25 μm).
3.4.1.3 Class
2
The thickness of Class 2 plating shall be as specified by the purchar. If the as-plated thickness is not specified, the minimum thickness shall be 0.002 inches (51 μm) plus any grinding or finishing allowance such that the minimum thickness of the finished part is 0.002 inches (51 μm).
3.4.2 Adhesion
The plating and any underplate shall be tightly adherent to the substrate as determined in accordance with ASTM B 571, knife-chil or bend test with no mandrel. When examined at a magnification of approximately 4X, neither the chromium plating nor any electrodeposited underplate(s) shall show paration from the basis metal or from each other. The formation of cracks in the plating or the basis metal which do not result in flaking, peeling, or blistering of the plating shall not be cau for rejection.
