The Louisiana Purcha was the acquisition by the United States of America of 828,800 square miles (2,147,000 km2金牛女天秤男) of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. The U.S. paid 60 million francs ($11,250,000) plus cancellation of debts worth 18 million francs ($3,750,000), for a total cost of 15 million dollars for the Louisiana territory ($217 million in today's currency).[1][2][3]
Louisiana Purcha-鼻子上路易斯安那购地
The Louisiana Purcha was the acquisition by the United States of approximately 530 million acres (800,000 sq mi or 2,100,000 km) of French territory in 1803, at the cost of about 4¢ per acre (7¢ per ha); totaling $15 million or 80 million French francs. 路易斯安那购地是指美国在1803年从法国手里以每英亩4美分（或每公顷7美分）的价格购得的约5.3万英亩的土地（80万平方米或者）。
过年啦Including interest, America finally paid $23,213,568 for the Louisiana territory.The land purchad contained all of prent-day Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Ne
四个晚上打一个字braska, Minnesota south of Mississippi River, much of North Dakota, nearly all of South Dakota, northeastern New Mexico, northern Texas, the portions of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide, and Louisiana on both sides of the Mississippi River, including the city of New Orleans. (The Oklahoma Panhandle, and southwestern portions of Kansas and Louisiana were still claimed by Spain at the time of the Purcha.) In addition, the Purcha contained small portions of land that would eventually become part of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan.
算上利息的话，美国为购买路易斯安那共花费了23,213,568美元。这块购买的土地包括了今天的阿肯色州、密西西比州、密苏里州、爱荷华州、俄克拉荷马州、堪萨斯州、内布拉斯加州、明尼苏达州密西西比河以南部分、北达科他州，几乎全部的南达科他州、新墨西哥州东北部、德克萨斯州北部、蒙大拿州的一部分，怀俄明州，科罗拉多州大陆分水岭以东部分，以及路易斯安那州横跨密西西比河两岸部分、包括今天的新奥尔良城。（俄克拉何马州狭长地带、堪萨斯的西南部和路易斯安那州在购买当时仍然被西班牙宣布占有）另外，此次购买也包括了最后成为加拿大亚伯达省和萨斯喀彻温省一部分的土地。
The land included in the purcha compris around 23% of the territory of the modern United States.[1] The purcha was an important moment in the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, it faced domestic opposition as being possibly unconstitutional. Although he felt that the Constitution did not contain any provisions for acquiring territory, Jefferson decided to purcha Louisiana becau he felt uneasy about France and Spain having the power to block American traders' access to the port of New Orleans.
此次购买的土地包含了现代美国领土约23%的面积，是托马斯"杰弗逊执政时期的一项重大事宜。当时，这项提议面临着国内极大反对的声浪，认为这不符合宪法的规定。尽管杰弗逊认为宪法没有包含任何关于获取领土的规定，但是他依然决定购买路易斯安那，因为他担心法国和西班牙在当时拥有过大的实力来阻隔美国通向新奥尔良地区的商路。
Background
背景
A contemporary mapmaker's vision of "Louisiana" edged on the west by the Rocky Mount
ainsThe city of New Orleans controlled the Mississippi River through its location; other locations for ports had been tried and had not succeeded. New Orleans was already important for shipping agricultural goods to and from the parts of the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains. Through Pinckney's Treaty signed with Spain on October 27, 1795, American merchants had "right of deposit" in New Orleans, meaning they could u the port to store goods for export.
当时的地图绘制员眼里的“路易斯安那”是一直延伸到落基山以西的地区。新奥尔良城控制着密西西比河穿过其聚居地的部分，其他聚居地的港口试图夺过控制权，但是未能成功。新奥尔良已经成为阿巴拉契亚山脉以西美国地区往来运输农产品的要塞。根据美国与西班牙于1795年10月27日签订的平克尼条约的规定，美国商人有免税临时寄存货物的权力，这就意味着他们能够利用港口来囤积出口商品。
Americans also ud this right to transport products such as flour, tobacco, pork, bacon, lard, feathers, cider, butter, and chee. The treaty also recognized American rights to na
vigate the entire Mississippi River which had become increasingly vital to the growing trade of their western territories.
美国人还利用此项权力运输面粉、土豆、猪肉、培根、猪油、羽毛、苹果汁、黄油和奶酪等产品。该条约同时还承认美国对密西西比河的控制权，而这条河流对西部地区逐渐增长的贸易变得越来越重要。
In 1798 Spain revoked this treaty, which greatly upt Americans. In 1801, Spanish Governor Don Juan Manuel De Salcedo took over for Governor Marquess of Casa Calvo, and the right to deposit goods from the United States was fully restored. Napoleon Bonaparte returned Louisiana to French control from Spain in 1800, under the Treaty of San Ildefonso (Louisiana had been a Spanish colony since 1762). However, the treaty was kept cret, and Louisiana remained under Spanish control until a transfer of power to France. The transfer finally took place on November 30, 1803, just three weeks before the cession to the United States.
南炒面
在1798年西班牙撕毁了这一条约，引起美国极大的不安。1801年Don Juan Manuel De Salcedo接替Marquess of Casa Calvo成为西班牙统治者，恢复了美国能够临时寄存货物的权力。1800年，拿破仑通过圣埃尔德枫索（San Ildefonso）条约从西班牙手里夺回了对路易斯安那的控制权（路易斯安那自1762年起就成为了西班牙的殖民地）。但是该条约在当时是保密的，直到西班牙将控制权顺利交接给法国。最后，直到1803年11月30日才交接了控制权，而此时距离出售给美国的时限仅仅3个星期。
Americans were fearful that they would lo their rights of u to New Orleans. President Thomas Jefferson decided that the best way to assure long term access to the Mississippi would be to purcha the city of New Orleans and the nearby portions of Louisiana east of the Mississippi. Jefferson nt James Monroe and Robert R. Livingston to Paris to negotiate the purcha in 1803. Their interest was only in the port and its environs; they did not anticipate the much larger transfer of territory that would follow.
美国人担心他们会失去利用新奥尔良的权力。杰弗逊总统决定能长期控制密西西比的方法
只能是一并购买新奥尔良和密西西比河以东路易斯安那的部分，于是他于1803年派遣詹姆士门罗和利文斯顿前去巴黎商议购地事宜。当时他们最大的兴趣只是在港口及其周边地区，并没有预料到以后的大面积购地的情况。
Negotiation
谈判简短的个人简介
The original treaty of the Louisiana purcha.
路易斯安那购地原始条约
梦到别人怀孕J
efferson laid the groundwork for the purcha by nding Livingston to Paris in 1801, after discovering the transfer of Louisiana from Spain to France. Livingston was to pursue a purcha of New Orleans, but he was rebuffed by the French.In 1802, Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours was enlisted to help negotiate. Du Pont was living in the United Stat
es at the time and had clo ties to Jefferson, as well as to the political powers in France. He engaged in back-channel diplomacy with Napoleon, on Jefferson's behalf, during a personal visit to France. He originated the idea of the much larger Louisiana Purcha as a way to defu potential conflict between the United States and Napoleon over North America.
