《京都议定书》英文：Kyoto Protocol，又译《京都协议书》、《京都条约》；全称《联合国气候变化框架公约的京都议定书》）是《联合国气候变化框架公约》（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change，UNFCCC）的补充条款。是1997年12月在日本京都由联合国气候变化框架公约参加国三次会议制定的。其目标是“将大气中的温室气体含量稳定在一个适当的水平，进而防止剧烈的气候改变对人类造成伤害”。1997年12月条约在日本京都通过，并于1998年3月16日至1999年3月15日间开放签字，共有84国签署，条约于2005年2月16日开始强制生效，到2009年2月，一共有183个国家通过了该条约（超过全球排放量的61%），引人注目的是美国没有签署该条约。
"Kyoto Protocol" in English: Kyoto Protocol, also translated the "Kyoto Protocol", "Kyoto Treaty"; full name of the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol") is the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change "(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC) for additional provisions. Was in December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, established by the Third Session of the participating countries. The goal is" to atmospheric greenhou gas concentrations stabilized at an ap
propriate level, thus preventing drastic climate change on human harm. "1997 Nian 12 Yue treaty adopted in Kyoto, Japan, and in March 16, 1998 to 1999, opened for signature on March 15 during the day, a total of 84 States have signed the treaty on February 16, 2005 to begin the compulsory came into effect in February 2009, a total of 183 countries have adopted the Treaty (more than 61% of global emissions), notably the United States did not sign the treaty.
为了人类免受气候变暖的威胁，1997年12月，在日本京都召开的《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第三次会议通过了旨在限制发达国家温室气体排放量以抑制全球变暖的《京都议定书》。
In order to save humanity from the threat of global warming, in December 1997, in Kyoto, Japan, at the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change," the third meeting of the Parties to the adoption of the developed countries to limit greenhou gas emissions to curb global warming " the Kyoto Protocol. "
《京都议定书》规定，到2010年，所有发达国家二氧化碳等6种温室气体的排放量，要比1
990年减少5．2％。具体说，各发达国家从2008年到2012年必须完成的削减目标是：与1990年相比，欧盟削减8％、美国削减7％、日本削减6％、加拿大削减6％、东欧各国削减5％至8％。新西兰、俄罗斯和乌克兰可将排放量稳定在1990年水平上。议定书同时允许爱尔兰、澳大利亚和挪威的排放量比1990年分别增加10％、8％和1％。
张柏芝为什么离婚"Kyoto Protocol" stipulates that by 2010, all developed countries, six kinds of greenhou gas such as carbon dioxide emissions, compared with 1990 was reduced by 5.2%. In particular, the developed countries from 2008 to 2012 reduction target to be completed are: Compared with 1990, the European Union cut 8 percent, the United States cut 7 percent, and Japan 6%, Canada 6% reduction, Eastern European countries, cut by 5% to 8%. New Zealand, Russia and Ukraine could be to stabilize emissions at 1990 levels. Protocol, while allowing Ireland, Australia and Norway, respectively, compared to 1990 emissions incread by 10%, 8% and 1%.
《京都议定书》需要在占全球温室气体排放量55％以上的至少55个国家批准，才能成为具有法律约束力的国际公约。中国于1998年5月签署并于2002年8月核准了该议定书。欧盟及
其成员国于2002年5月31日正式批准了《京都议定书》。2004年11月5日，俄罗斯总统普京在《京都议定书》上签字，使其正式成为俄罗斯的法律文本。截至2005年8月13日，全球已有142个国家和地区签署该议定书，其中包括30个工业化国家，批准国家的人口数量占全世界总人口的80％。
美国人口仅占全球人口的3％至4％，而排放的二氧化碳却占全球排放量的25％以上，为全球温室气体排放量最大的国家。美国曾于1998年签署了《京都议定书》。但2001年3月，布什政府以“减少温室气体排放将会影响美国经济发展”和“发展中国家也应该承担减排和限排温室气体的义务”为借口，宣布拒绝批准《京都议定书》。 炸羊排
2005年2月16日，《京都议定书》正式生效。这是人类历史上首次以法规的形式限制温室气体排放。为了促进各国完成温室气体减排目标，议定书允许采取以下四种减排方式：
一、两个发达国家之间可以进行排放额度买卖的“排放权交易”，即难以完成削减任务的国家，可以花钱从超额完成任务的国家买进超出的额度。
二、以“净排放量”计算温室气体排放量，即从本国实际排放量中扣除森林所吸收的二氧化碳的数量。
三、可以采用绿色开发机制，促使发达国家和发展中国家共同减排温室气体。
四、可以采用“集团方式”，即欧盟内部的许多国家可视为一个整体，采取有的国家削减、有的国家增加的方法，在总体上完成减排任务。
February 16, 2005, "Kyoto Protocol" enter into force. This is the first time in human history in the form of laws and regulations to limit greenhou gas emissions. In order to facilitate States to finish the greenhou gas emission reduction targets, the Protocol allowed to take the following four types of emission reductions by:
杜鲁门
First, two developed countries can carry out emission credits trading "emissions trading", that is difficult to complete reduction of the task state, you can spend money from the over-fulfilled the state to buy the excess amount.
汉江石
比年二、以“净排放量”计算温室气体排放量，即从本国实际排放量中扣除森林所吸收的二氧化碳的数量。
Third, you can u the green development mechanism to facilitate the developed and dev西江明珠网
eloping countries to reduce emissions of greenhou gas.
4, can be ud "group approach", that is, in many countries within the EU can be considered as a whole, to take some countries to cut back, and some countries to increa ways to reduce emissions, in general, to complete the task.
意义：
《京都议定书》正式生效。这是人类历史上首次以法规的形式限制温室气体排放。为了促进各国完成温室气体减排目标。
它的积极作用在于使世界联合起来减少二氧化碳6种温室气体的排放量，使气候变暖的趋势变慢甚至不再变暖，使南极洲上空的臭氧空洞不再扩大甚至缩小，使喜马拉亚主峰上的景观冰川不再消融。
Monitoring emission targets
Under the Protocol, countries’actual emissions have to be monitored and preci records have to be kept of the trades carried out.
Registry systems track and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, bad in Bonn, Germany, keeps an international transaction log to verify that transactions are consistent with the rules of the Protocol.
Reporting is done by Parties by way of submitting annual emission inventories and national reports under the Protocol at regular intervals.
枯黄A compliance system ensures that Parties are meeting their commitments and helps them to meet their commitments if they have problems doing so.
Adaptation
The Kyoto Protocol, like the Convention, is also designed to assist countries in adapting to the adver effects of climate change. It facilitates the development and deployment of techniques that can help increa resilience to the impacts of climate change.
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