Outer Space Treaty of 1967
两点天上来打一字The Outer Space Treaty reprents the basic legal framework of international space law and, among its principles, it bars States Parties to the Treaty from placing nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction in orbit of Earth, installing them on the Moon or any other celestial body, or to otherwi station them in outer space. It exclusively limits the u of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purpos and expressly prohibits their u for testing weapons of any kind, conducting military manoeuvers, or establishing military bas, installations, and fortifications (Art.IV). Moreover, it explicitly forbids any government from claiming a celestial resource such as the Moon or a planet. Art. II of the Treaty states, in fact, that “[o]uter space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of u or occupation, or by any other means.”.
Preamble
Treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and u of outer spa
达芬奇的全名
ce, including the moon and other celestial bodies.
Opened for signature at Moscow, London, and Washington on 27 January, 1967
THE STATES PARTIES. TO THIS TREATY,
INSPIRED by the great prospects opening up before mankind as a result of man's entry into outer space,
RECOGNIZING the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and u of outer space for peaceful purpos,
BELIEVING that the exploration and u of outer space should be carried on for the benefit of all peoples irrespective of the degree of their economic or scientific development,
DESIRING to contribute to broad international co-operation in the scientific as well as the legal aspects of the exploration and u of outer space for peaceful purpos,
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BELIEVING that such co-operation will contribute to the development of mutual understanding and to the strengthening of friendly relations between States and peoples,
RECALLING resolution 1962 (XVIII), entitled "Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and U of Outer Space", which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Asmbly on 13 December 1963,
RECALLING resolution 1884 (XVIII), calling upon States to refrain from placing in orbit around the earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction or from installing such weapons on celestial bodies, which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Asmbly on 17 October 1963,
TAKING account of United Nations General Asmbly resolution 110 (II) of 3 November 1947, which condemned propaganda designed or likely to provoke or encourage any threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression, and considering that the aforementioned resolution is applicable to outer space,
CONVINCED that a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and U of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, will further the Purpos and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
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HAVE AGREED ON THE FOLLOWING:
Article I八年级物理思维导图
The exploration and u of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind.
Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be free for exploration and u by all States without discrimination of any kind, on a basis of equality and in accordance with international law, and there shall be free access to all areas of celestial bodies.
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There shall be freedom of scientific investigation in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, and States shall facilitate and encourage international co-operation in such investigation.
Article II
Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of u or occupation, or by any other means.
Article III
States Parties to the Treaty shall carry on activities in the exploration and u of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, in the interest of maintaining international peace and curity and promoting international co- operation and understanding.
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Article IV
States Parties to the Treaty undertake not to place in orbit around the earth any objects carrying nuclear weapons or any other kinds of weapons of mass destruction, install such weapons on celestial bodies, or station such weapons in outer space in any other manner.
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