The Summer Palace
The Summer Palace was ud as a holiday garden in the summer for the emperors and their families.It is 10km on the northwestern of BJ.This resort was famous from Jin Dynasty(1115-1234 AD).Here you will e a piece of the style of Chine classic garden which is best known in south of China.The whole garden is 290 hectars including a large lake and mountains.
Situated in western outskirts of Beijing， the Summer Palace is 10 kilometers from the central city. It is China's leading classical garden which enjoys a worldwide reputation. The Summer Palace was opened to the public in 1924 and included in the UNESCO world heritage list in 1998. A whole day is needed to view it in detail.
The Summer Palace was first built in 1153 and rved as an imperial [im'piəriəl palace for short stays away from the capital. Empress Dowager Ci Xi rebuilt it in 1888 with a large sum of money which had been appropriated to build a Chine navy.
The two main elements of the garden are Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. Kunming Lake， with an exquisite精细的 building in the middle， takes up three quarters of the garden's 290 hectares. The garden consists of three parts： the political activity area， the empress's living quarter and the scenic area which parately centers on the Hall of Benevolence [bi'nevələns保教工作管理制度 and Longevity（1）， the Hall of Jade Ripples（2） and the Hall of Happiness and Longevity（3）， and Longevity Hill（4） and Kunming Lake. The groups of buildings， hills and lakes， together with the background of West Hills， give an ever changing scene.
The buildings on the southern slope of Longevity Hill are characteristic of the garden. Cloud-Dispelling Hall， the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incen（5） and the Wisdom Sea（6） on the axis line are flanked在左右两边by the Wheel Hall， Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion and are major attractions. The Pavilion of the Buddhist Incen is 41 meters high and stands on a 20-meter-high terrace平台. At the foot of Longevity Hill is the 728-meter-long passageway which links the three areas together. The passageway is famous for its paintings and at its western end is a 36-meter-long Marble Boat（7）.
The bridges of the western cauway西堤 of Kunming Lake are replicas ['replikə] 复制品of the bridges of famous Su and Bai cauways on West Lake in Hangzhou. The marble大理石的 Seventeen-Arch Bridge which spans跨度the Eastern Cauway to South Lake Island has balusters topped by 540 carved lions in different pos.
Back Lake at the northern foot of Longevity Hill is natural and peaceful. On its bank is Suzhou Street， a replica of a commercial street in the old days. At the northeastern corner of the garden there is the Garden of Harmonious Interest which imitates the famous Jichang Garden（8） in Wuxi， Jiangsu Province. Diminutive and elegant， it is known as a garden within a garden. .
Notes：
1. the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity 仁寿殿
2. the Hall of Jade Ripples 玉澜堂
3. the Hall of Happiness and Longevity 乐寿堂
4. the Longevity Hill 万寿山
5. the Pavilion of the Buddhist Incen 佛香阁
6. the Wisdom Sea 智慧海
7. the Marble Boat 石舫
8. Jichang Garden 寄畅园
Situated in the western outskirts of Haidian District, the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) from central Beijing. Having the largest royal['rɔiəl] park and being well prerved保藏的, it was designated['deziɡ,neitid] 指定的, in 1960 by the State Council国务院, as a Key Cultural Relics Protection Site of China. Containing examples of the ancient arts, it also has graceful landscapes and magnificent constructions. The Summer Palace is the archetypal[,a:ki'taipl] 原型的 Chine garden, and is ranked排名；归类于 amongst the most noted著名的 and classical gardens of the world. In 1998, it was listed as one of the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Constructed in the Jin Dynasty'dainəsti] (1115-1234), during the succeeding随后的，以后的 reign[rein] 统治 of feudal['fju:dl] 封建制度的 emperors; it was extended continuously. By the time of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), it had become a luxurious[lʌk'zjuəriəs, -'ʒuə-] royal garden providing royal families with rest and entertainment. Originally called "Qingyi Garden" (Garden of Clear Ripples涟漪), it was know as one of the famous "three hills and five gardens" (Longevity Hill, Jade玉制的 Spring Mountain, and Fragrant ['freiɡrənt] Hill; Garden of Clear Ripples, Garden of Everlasting Spring吵架的英文畅春园？, Garden of Perfection and Brightness圆明园, Garden of Tranquility静明园 and Brightness, and Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure静宜园五月天壁纸). Like most of the gardens of Beijing, it could not elude逃避 the rampages暴乱 of the Anglo-French英法的泰宁旅游 allied ['ælaid联合的force and was destroyed by fire. In 1888, Empress Dowager ['dauədʒə] Cixi embezzled [im'bezl挪用navy funds to reconstruct it for her own benefit, changing its name to Summer Palace (Yiheyuan). She spent most of her later years there, dealing with state affairs and entertaining. In 1900, it suffered again, being ransacked洗劫by the Eight-Power Allied Force. After the success of the 1911 Revolution, it was opened to the public.
Compod mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, The Summer Palace occupies an area of 294 hectares (726.5 acres ['eikəs] 超链接怎么做英亩), three quarters of which is water. Guided by nature, artists designed the gardens exquisitely [ek'skwizitli] 精巧地so that visitors would e marvelous ['mɑ:viləs]孕妇能吃芒果吗 非凡的views and be amazed by perfect examples of refined精致的 craftwork工艺 using the finest materials.
Centered on the Tower of Buddhist ['budist] 佛教的Incen香 (Foxiangge) the Summer Palace consists of over 3,000 structures including pavilions [pə'viljən] 楼阁, towers, bridges, and corridors ['kɔridɔ:. The Summer Palace can be divided into four parts: the court area, front-hill area, front-lake area, and rear后面父亲婚礼致辞-hill and back-lake area.
Front-Hill Area: this area is the most magnificent area in the Summer Palace with the most constructions. Its layout布局 is quite distinctive becau of the central axis from the yard of Kunming Lake to the hilltop, on which important buildings are positioned including Gate of Dispelling驱散 Clouds, Hall of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Moral Glory德辉殿乌镇是哪里, Tower of Buddhist Incen, the Hall of the Sea of Wisdom, etc.
