EXERCISES 2
Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.
Suggested Reference Books [SRB]
1. any standard gazetteer
2. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Ⅱ.Questions on content:
1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.
2. How are people buried in Marrakech?
3. Explain the ntence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."(para 3)
4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?
女犬
5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?
6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?
7. How was land cultivated in Morocco?
终止合同
8. Why was the old woman surprid when the writer gave her a five-sou piece?
9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past?
Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:
1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything of value?
2. Orwell describes human suffering and miry rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of miry?
3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?
4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before? Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does this indicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?
5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism? Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ?
6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.
Ⅳ. Paraphra:
1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky
earth, like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)
2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3)
3. They ri out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)
4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,
turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)
5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews (para 10)
我们的知青岁月 6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury (para 10)
7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)
8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. (para 16)
9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distresd Areas. (para 17)
10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)
11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as
a beast of burden. (para 19)
12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)
13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)
14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)
15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. (para 26)
Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chine.
Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:
1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)
2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)
3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)
4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)
5. as the Jews live in a lf-contained community (para 11)
大台风 6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)
7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)
8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para 23)
9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:
资金筹措方案
1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan
2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria
3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle
Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ]
党员转正流程
1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language
2. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms
营养蔬菜
3. Reader's Digest, U the Right Word
Ⅷ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:
1. burying-ground
2. gravestone
3. mid-air
4. overcrowding
5. nine-tenths
Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ]
1. any standard dictionary
2. any book on lexicology or word building
IX. In this essay, the writer makes effective u of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider ud most effectively and give your reasons.
Ⅹ.Each of the following ntences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate claus, appositives, prepositional or verbal phras:
1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.
2.The dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.
3.The educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.
4.They have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and conrved them.
5.The Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other ttlers were coming.
6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.
7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.
8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only for a few days.
9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.
10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather
bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.
Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is the topic ntence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity? Give your reasons.
1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter nds its warming cover over the froze ground. This caus the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.
2. There are three reasons why I like Japane food. When I was growing up I never ate Japane food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of t
he best things about Japane food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at
all fattening. However, most Japane love rice. One of my Japane friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japane food is that it's always beautifully rved, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is prented on a gleaming platter crisscrosd with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to rve Japane food like this, the platters and trays may be purchad at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japane food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of asoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japane restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the
beautiful little doll-like waitress, who bow and smile shyly as they rve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japane food appeals to me?
Ⅻ. Choo the right word from the list below for each blank:
fell come did fired
pulled feel sagged collap
goes altered slobbered climbed
went paralyd ttled drooping
jolt emed imagined knock
falling tower reaching trumpeted
shake came
When I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or
____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immenly old, as though the
frightful impact of the bullet had _________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five conds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous nility emed to have
______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old.
I _______again into the same spot. At the cond shot he did
not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I
fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could e the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he emed for a moment to ri, for as his hind legs collapd beneath him he emed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that emed to _________ the ground even where I lay.
XIII. Topics for oral work:
红薯羹
1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay?
2. Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support your XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.
