5.1 Boiler and Its Development
5.1锅炉及其发展
中线的性质the heat from the products of combustion to water and produces hot water or steam .
汽的系统。
Heat is transferred in the furnace mainly by radiation to water-cooled walls,which constitutes the evaporation ction of the steam generation system .
heat from the gas and has its temperature rin above the saturation temperature .
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Since the temperature of the gas leaving the superheater ction is still high ,modern steam generators often employ additional heat transfer surfaces to utilize the thermal energy of the gas .
体的热能，
The boilers for electric power generation stations are quite different in terms of steam conditions and generation rates.
The steam pressure may be either supercritical or subcritical and the temperature is frequently around 538℃.
538℃左右。
【三Boilers may also be classified according to the relative positions of products of combustion .
surrounded by water .
sometimes ,in heating buildings .
water-filled tubes .
360软件卸载Both ends of the water tubes are connected to the headers or water . In the drum the steam is parated from the saturated water .
Then,the saturated steam usually goes to the superheater in which the steam temperature is incread .
drumsticks of a fire-tube boiler .
【五】To attain high system efficiency ,the steam generator usually ,consists of the evaporation ction , superheaters , reheaters , economizers , and air preheaters .
事业单位聘用合同气预热器组成。
成本会计实训unit .
been a considerable increa in unit size .
20世纪50年代普遍使用煤粉炉，设备尺寸已经有大量增加。
from earlier designs with a conquent loss in the standard of reliability .
，结果会失去标准的可靠性。
plant reliability .
息，将使设备的可靠性达到更高的标准。
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【七】On-going development and improved manufacturing techniques led to the introduction of further design changes .
【七改进的制造技术，将导致进一步引入设计的改变。
要的改变可以概括为如下几点：
【八
been modified to improve steam/water paration and to allow interchange of components between drums.
【八1）由于设计和制造的发展，汽包内部部件将改变，以提高蒸汽/水的分离，并允许汽包组件之间交换的。
【九】were made to the superheater and reheater tube thickness and materials to give incread design life and improve corrosion allowances .
【九2）改变过热器和再热器的管道厚度和材料，增加设计寿命和提高抗腐蚀性。
Platen designs were altered due to operational experience and constructional changes recognized improved manufacturing methods and practices .
设计的改变是由于运作经验和结构，改进公认的制造方法和运行。
system of headers with a steam outlet at each end of the headers .
制造困难，从再热器汽包出口到一个蒸汽出口的两端进行改变。
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【十】(3)Changes to furnace internals,were made to give better heat transfer characteristics and to simplify construction procedures .
【十3）炉膛内部的变化，将提供更好的传热特性和简单结构规程。
【十
with more stringent specification requirements and ca histories have been prepared relating to all pressure parts .
【十4）锅炉管已受到100％超声波检查，以符合更严格的规范要求和实例，已准备所有相关的压力部件。
thus provided which gives confidence in the long-term operation of pressure parts .
关于各个部件设计，制造和质量等方面的完整记录为长期运行的压力部件提供了信心。
