WI 060308.04 T 811
DRAFT NO. 3
DATE March 12, 2007
TAPPI
WORKING GROUP
CHAIRMAN Ben Frank
SUBJECT CATEGORY FISCOTEC
RELATED
METHODS See “Additional Information”
Approved by the Standard Specific Interest Group for this Test Method
TAPPI
CAUTION:
This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of the is to alert the ur of the method to safety issues related to such u. The ur is responsible for determining that the safety precautions are complete and are appropriate to their u of the method, and for ensuring that suitable safety practices have not changed since publication of the method. This method may require the u, disposal, or both, of chemicals which may prent rious health hazards to humans. Procedures for the handling of such substances are t forth on Material Safety Data Sheets which must be developed by all manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemicals and maintained by all distributors of potentially hazardous chemicals. Prior to the u of this method, the ur must determine whether any of the chemicals to be ud or dispod of are potentially hazardous and, if so, must follow strictly the procedures specified by both the manufacturer, as well as local, state, and federal authorities for safe u and disposal of the chemicals.
Edgewi compressive strength of corrugated
fiberboard (short column test)
(Revision of T 811 om-02)
(underscores and strikeouts indicate changes from Draft 2)
1. Scope
1.1
This method describes procedures for determining the edgewi compressive strength (ECT), perpendicular to the axis of the flutes, of a short column of single-, double-, or triple-wall corrugated fiberboard (1). 1.2 The method includes procedures for cutting the test specimen, specimen support (waxed edges), and two procedures for applying the compressive force (constant strain rate, or constant load rate). Studies have shown that any combination of the procedures will yield the same test results with the stated precision (Section 9).
fiberboard (short column test) 2. Significance
2.1 Rearch has shown that the edgewi compressive strength of specimens with flutes vertical, in combination with the flexural stiffness of the combined board and box dimensions, relates to the top-to-bottom compressive strength of vertically fluted corrugated fiberboard shipping containers (2,3)
.
2.2 This method may also be ud for comparing the edgewi compressive strength of different lots of similar combined boards or for comparing different material combinations (4,5).
3. Apparatus
3.1 Compression testing machine1 meeting the requirements of either 3.1.1 or 3.1.2, and 3.1.3, 3.1.4, and 3.1.5.excal
3.1.1 Rigid Support Compression Tester. Two platens, one rigidly supported and the other driven. Each platen shall have a working area of approximately 100 cm2 (16 in.2). The platens are not to have not more than 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) lateral relative movement, and the rigidly supported platen not more than 0.150 mm (0.006 in.) movement, perpendicular to the surface, within a load range of 0 to 2224 N (0-500 lbf). Within the specimen contact area, each platen shall be flat within 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) of the mean platen surface, and the platens shall remain parallel to each other within 1 part in 2000 throughout the test (6).
漫漫征途
3.1.1.1 Within a range of platen parations necessary to cau compressive failure of the test speci
men, and within a load range of 0 to 2224 N (0-500 lbf), the speed of the driven platen shall be controllable at 12.5 ± 0.25 mm (0.5 ± 0.01 in.) per minute. (For convenience, the test machine should be capable of rapid return and automatic, ttable positioning).
3.1.2 Flexible Beam Compression Tester. Two platens, one flexible beam supported and the other driven. Each platen shall have a working area of approximately 100 cm2 (16 in.2). Within the specimen contact area, each platen shall be flat within 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.) of the mean platen surface, and the platens shall remain parallel to each other within 1 part in 2000 throughout the test. The platens are required to have not more than 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) lateral relative movement.
3.1.2.1 Within a range of platen parations necessary to cau compressive failure of the test specimen, and within a load range of 0 to 2224 N (0-500 lbf), the speed of the driven platen shall be controlled so that the rate of force increa (without considering specimen deformation) is 111 ± 22 N/s (25 ± 5 lbf/s) (6).
3.1.3 The driven platen shall be moveable to achieve an initial platen paration of at least 60 mm (2.36 in.).
我和我的祖国观后感800字3.1.4 The tester shall have a capacity of at least 2224 N (500 lbf).
1
Names of suppliers of testing equipment and materials for this method may be found on the Test Equipment Suppliers list in the t of TAPPI Test Methods, or may be available from the TAPPI Quality and Standards Department.
fiberboard (short column test)
3.1.5 The tester shall have a means for measuring and indicating the maximum load sustained by the test specimen with an accuracy of 0.5% or better between a measured load of 440 N (100 lb) and the equipment’s maximum load. Below this measured load, the accuracy shall be 2.2 N (0.5 lbf), or better whichever is greater.
3.2 A means such as a saw or other device for cutting specimens having clean, parallel and perpendicular edges, within the tolerances specified in 6.2 and 6.3. Opposite edges shall be parallel to each other and perpendicular to adjacent edges (7, 8).
3.2.1 Knife cutter, single knife device with guides or, preferably, a twin-knife motorized or pneumatically driven device to cut the test specimens according to the specifications in Section 6. T
he knives must be sharp and of the single-bevel type and arranged in the device so that the unbevelled side is toward the test piece and at 90° to the specimen's surface.
3.2.2 Saw, circular, equipped with a sharp, no-t (hollow ground or taper ground is desirable) saw blade. The saw blade shall be 90° to the table supporting the specimen.
3.3 A means for supporting the specimen at the initiation of the test so that the applied force is exactly parallel to the flutes.
3.3.1 Metal guide blocks (Fig. 1) to be ud with the waxed edge specimens (7.5). Two are required to align the specimen vertically in the testing machine.
4. Sampling
Samples shall be obtained in accordance with TAPPI T 400 “Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Containerboard, or Related Product.”
百合莲子汤5. Conditioning
Precondition and condition the sample in accordance with TAPPI T 402 “Standard Conditioning and
Testing Atmospheres for Paper, Board, Pulp Handsheets, and Related Products.” Waxed edge specimens shall be conditioned an additional minimum of 2 hours after waxing and before testing (89)
specimens
6. Test
6.1 From each test unit accurately cut at least 10 specimens with the motorized knife or circular saw or other method that will cut clean, parallel, and perpendicular edges.
6.1.1 If the test specimens are to be taken from corrugated shipping containers, they should be taken from areas away from scorelines, joints, and closures. Specimens should be reprentative of the materials being tested. For example, if roughly 25% of a box is printed, roughly 25% of the samples should be collected from the printed areas. Specimens should not be taken from obviously damaged areas and/or areas not reprentative of the container as a whole.
6.2 The loading (width) edges shall be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of the flutes
fiberboard (short column test) (Fig. 2). Cut the specimens to a width of 50.8 ± 0.8 mm (2.00 ± 0.03 in.).
6.3 Specimens to be tested using this procedure shall be cut to a height of 31.8 ± 1.6 mm (1.25 ± 0.06 in.) for B-flute, 38.1 ± 1.6 mm (1.50 ± 0.06 in.) for C-flute, and 50.8 ± 1.6mm (2.00 ± 0.06 in.) for A-flute and typical for all double- and triple-wall board (1,6). The heights meet the Euler criteria for pure compression failure in a short column for their respective structures (8). For some thin double-wall board (e.g., EB double-wall), and for other flute structures (e.g., E flute), different heights may be required to achieve a pure compression failure in the test specimens.什么树最值钱
NOTE 1:In some U.S. Federal and Military Specifications and Standards for corrugated board, the short column crush test is required. The procedure is technically identical to that described here in Sections 4-6 except for specimen size. The height for all flute病理性近视
constructions, single-, double-, and triple-wall, is 31.8 ± 1.6 mm (1.25 ± 0.06 in.). When testing against the
specifications, this height is to be ud.
NOTE 2: In some testing protocols (e.g., compliance with National Motor Freight Classification item 222), alternate numbers of specimens may be required for testing. The test procedure is technically identical to that described here in Sections 4-6.
NOTE 3:Other procedures are sometimes ud which require different specimen dimensions, specimen geometry (10), or specimen support techniques. The may include, but are not limited to: TAPPI T 839 “Edgewi Compressive Strength of Corrugated
Fiberboard using the Clamp Method (Short Column Test)” (11), TAPPI T 841 “Edgewi Compressive Strength of
Corrugated Fiberboard using the Morris Method (Short Column Test)”, TAPPI T 838 “Edge Crush Test Using Neckdown”
(12), and FEFCO test Method No. 8 “Edgewi Crush Resistance of Corrugated Fiberboard.” The FEFCO method requires
testing specimens cut to 100 mm (3.94 in.) wide and 25 mm (0.98 in.) high without any additional specimen support such
as waxed edges, or mechanical support beyond the initial vertical alignment.
The procedures described in Notes 1, 2, and 3 will not, necessarily, yield the same results as the official test method. (13, 14)
6.4 Prepare test specimens with waxed edge reinforcement as follows: Dip each loading edge in molten paraffin at 69-74°C (156-165°F) approximate melting point, 52°C (125°F), to a depth of 6 mm (1/4 in.) and hold there until the absorbed paraffin, as determined visually, begins to migrate above the 6 mm (1/4 in.) dipped zone. Normally, a 3 cond dip in molten paraffin is satisfactory. If excessively rapid migration is encountered, reduce the temperature of the molten paraffin. Immediately after dipping, momentarily blot the loading edges of the specimen on paper toweling preheated on a hot plate maintained at 77-82°C (171°-180°F).
NOTE 4:The following alternative procedure for impregnating the loading edges of specimens with paraffin wax is permissible. Place the edge on a paraffin wax saturated pad, such as paper toweling, heated on a hot plate maintained at 77-82°C (171-180°F) until the
paraffin wax impregnates the specimen to the desired 6 mm (1/4 in.) depth. Generally, this method is slower than the dipping
简单花边method and therefore permits better control of the depth of paraffin wax penetration for specimens in which paraffin wax migration
is rapid.
fiberboard (short column test)
NOTE 5:When reinforcing the loading edges of waxed or curtain coated boards, care must be taken so that the heat of the reinforcing paraffin wax does not adverly affect the integrity of the board’s structure in the area of the edge wax impregnation. Evidence of
proper treatment will be that in performing the test, failure occurs away from the reinforced area.
7. Procedure
7.1 Perform all tests in the conditioning atmosphere.
7.2 The rate of platen movement required for a flexible beam compression machine has been determined to be 111 ± 22 N/s (25 ± 5 lbf/s). Record the platen movement rate actually ud. On most machines this rate of platen movement will be 13-51 mm (0.5-2.0 in.) per minute depending on the load range at the beam.
7.3 The rate of platen movement for each rigid support compression machine should be t to 12.5 ± 0.25 mm (0.5 ± 0.01 in.) per minute.
7.4 Measure the width (nominally 50.8-mm (2-in.)) dimension of each specimen to the nearest 1 mm (1/32 in.).
7.5 Center the specimen on the platen. Place a guide block on each side of the specimen centrally located relative to it so that the flutes are held perpendicular to the platen. Place the blocks' largest face up, with the offt ends adjacent and in contact with the specimen above the paraffin areas.
7.5.1 Apply a compressive force to the specimen. Verify the platen movement rate described in 7.2 or 7.3. When the force on the specimen is between 22 and 67 N (5 and 15 lbf), remove both guide blocks and, without altering the platen movement rate, continue to apply force until the specimen fails. A valid test is when one or both liners have buckled in the unwaxed center portion of the specimen. If neither liner shows a buckling failure in the unwaxed area of the specimen, or if failure occurs in the waxed portion of the sample, the test may be declared invalid.
7.6 Record the maximum load in newtons (pounds-force), the specimen width, and whether or not the specimen exhibited a valid failure.
8. Report
8.1 For each test unit, report:
8.1.1 Average maximum load per unit width for valid tests calculated from average maximum load and specimen width in kilonewtons per meter (pounds-force per in.).
8.1.2 Standard deviation among valid determinations in kilonewtons per meter (pounds-force per in.).
龙头蛇尾8.1.3 Number of valid test determinations.
8.1.4 A description of material tested.
8.1.5 A statement that the test was conducted in compliance with this test method and a description of any deviations.
