EN 13445-5:2002 (E)Issue 7(2003-07)
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1 Scope
This Part of this European Standard specifies the inspection and testing of individual and rially produced pressure vesls made of steels in accordance with EN 13445-2 subject to predominantly non_cyclic operation (i.e.vesls operating below 500 full equivalent pressure cycles).
Special provisions for cyclic operation are given in EN 13445-3 and in Annex G of this Part.
This Part does not give inspection and testing provisions for vesls designed using Design by Analysis – Direct Route (DBA) of EN 13445-3:2002 Annex B.
NOTE The responsibilities of parties involved in the conformity asssment procedures are given in Directive 97/23/EC.Guidance on this can be found in CR 13445-7.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. The normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subquent amendments to or revisions of any of the publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 287-1:1992, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels.
EN 473:2000, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel — General principles.EN 571-1:1997, Non-destructive testing — Penetrant testing — Part 1: General principles.
prEN 764-6:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 6: Operating instructions.
EN 583-4:1999, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic examination — Part 4: Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface
EN 970:1997, Non-destructive examination of fusion welds — Visual examination.
EN 1289:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Penetrant testing of welds — Acceptance le
vels.EN 1290:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Magnetic particle examination of welds.
EN 1291:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Magnetic particle testing of welds — Acceptance levels.EN 1418:1997, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld tters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials.
EN 1435:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — Radiographic examination of welded joints .
EN 1712:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints — Acceptance levels.
EN 13445-5:2002 (E)Issue 7(2003-07)
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EN 1713:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination — Characterisation of indications in welds.
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EN 1714:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — Ultrasonic examination of welded joints.
EN 1779:1999, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Criteria for method and technique lection.
EN 12062:1997, Non-destructive examination of welds — General rules for metallic materials.
EN 12517:1998, Non-destructive examination of welds - Radiographic examination of welded joints — Acceptance levels.
EN 13445-2:2002, Unfired pressure vesls — Part 2: Materials.
EN 13445-3:2002, Unfired pressure vesls — Part 3: Design.
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EN 13445-4:2002, Unfired pressure vesls — Part 4: Fabrication.
prEN ISO 5817:2002, Welding – Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections (ISO/DIS 5817:2002).
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EN ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied process - Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials – Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1:1998).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpos of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
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design review
procedure by which a manufacturer ascertains and attests that the design meets the requirements of this standard
3.2
design approval
procedure by which a responsible authority ascertains and attests that the design meets the requirements of this standard
3.3
testing group
grouping which determines the appropriate level of non-destructive testing (NDT) on a welded joint
NOTE There are four testing groups.
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3.4
inspection
survey activity which asss the compliance of the pressure vesl to the technical specification
NOTE It is a major activity, undertaken mainly by the manufacturer during design, manufacture and testing of equipment. It can be complemented by inspection by other parties. Inspection includes the asssment of testing activities.
3.5
testing procedure ud to attest vesl compliance with the technical requirements of this standard by one or more tests
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6.6.3
Performing non-destructive testing 6.6.3.1General
Visual inspection shall be carried out on all welds.
Non-destructive testing of welded joints for final acceptance purpos shall depend upon testing group of the joint.
6.6.3.2Applicable non-destructive testing techniques
Table 6.6.3-1 shows the method, characterisation and acceptance criteria. This table is bad on EN 12062:1997 and also on Quality level C of prEN ISO 5817:2002.
Table 6.6.3-1 — NDT methods, techniques, characterisation, acceptance criteria
NDT Methods (abbreviations)Techniques Characterisation Acceptance Criteria Visual inspection (VT)
EN 970:1997prEN ISO 5817:2002(surface imperfections)prEN ISO 5817:2002(surface imperfections Acceptance level C d Radiography (RT)
EN 1435:1997 class B a EN 12517:1998 and additional Table 6.6.4-1EN 12517:1998,Acceptance level 2, and Table 6.6.4-1Ultrasonic Testing(UT)EN 1714:1997 at least Class B b EN 1713:1998 d EN 1712:1997Acceptance level 2 +
no planar imperfections
accepted
Penetrant Testing (PT)EN 571-1:1997 + testing parameters of EN
1289:1998, Table A.1
EN 1289:1998EN 1289:1998,
Acceptance level 2X Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)EN 1290:1998 + testing parameters of EN 1291:1998, Table
A.1EN 1291:1998EN 1291:1998,
Acceptance level 2X
a However, the maximum area for single exposure shall correspond to the requirements of Class A of
EN 1435:1997b For thickness t< 40 mm, Class A is permissible. For thickness > 100 mm, Class C is required.c EN 1713:1998 is a recommendation only.d Additional requirements for the following imperfections:
- excess weld metal (502) – a smooth transition is required;
- stray arc (601) – removal plus 100 % MT or PT to ensure no imperfection;
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- spatter (602) – weld spatter shall be removed from all pressure parts and load carrying attachment welds.
Isolated non systematic spatter is permitted on components made of group 1 materials;
- torn surface (603), grinding mark (604), chipping mark (605) shall be ground to provide a smooth transition;- underflushing (606) shall not be permitted. Any local underflushing shall be related to design characteristics (calculated thickness + corrosion allowance).
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6.6.3.3Selection of non-destructive testing methods for internal imperfections (full and
partial penetration)
The choice as to whether radiographic or ultrasonic examination, or combinations, is ud shall be as specified in Table 6.6.3-2.
Where two techniques are shown, the least preferred technique is shown between brackets.
Table 6.6.3-2 — Selection of non-destructive testing method a for detection of internal flaws in
full penetration joints, in accordance with EN 12062:1997, Table 3Material and
Parent material nominal thickness (e in millimetres)type of joint
e ≤
88 < e
≤ 4040 < e ≤ 100 e > 100Ferritic butt joints
RT RT or UT or UT D UT b) or UT D or (RT)UT D b)Ferritic T-joints
UT D or RT UT or (RT) or UT D UT or (UT D ) or (RT)UT D Austenitic stainless
and austenitic ferritic
(duplex) butt joints RT RT or (UT D )RT or UT D b)UT D b)
Austenitic stainless and austenitic ferritic
(duplex) T-joints UT D or RT
UT D or RT UT D or RT UT D a - RT and UT mean radiographic and ultrasonic testing in accordance with the standards mentioned in Table
6.6.2-1
- UT D refers to Class D of EN 1714:1997 and may apply to all kinds of ultrasonic testing, like mechanid testing or u of twin crystal probes. It requires specific written procedures for testing parameters and acceptance
criteria and shall meet quality level C of prEN ISO 5817:2002.
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b For e ≥ 60 mm UT shall include examination for imperfections perpendicular to the surface in accordance with EN 583-4:1999.
The choice in Table 6.6.3-2 is bad on the most suitable method to the relevant application in relation to the material type and thickness. It is possible that other important consideration such as joint geometry, nsitivity of the material to cracking in welding process, may have an overriding influence of method different from that in Table 6.6.3-2. The manufacturer shall record the basis for such a choice.
NOTE In exceptional cas or where the design or load bearing on the joint is critical, particularly for partial penetration joints, it can be necessary to employ both methods on the same joint or weld.
6.6.3.4Selection of non-destructive testing methods for surface imperfections
For ferritic steels magnetic particle methods (MT) shall be ud. For austenitic steels, liquid penetrant (PT) method shall be employed.
6.6.3.5Surface condition and preparation for non-destructive testing
The surface condition necessary for performing all NDT shall be in accordance with the standard given in Table 6.6.3-1. Welded surfaces need not to be dresd unless the irregularities will interfere with application and/or interpretation. Special attention is necessary for vesls subject to cyclic loading,criteria are given in Annex G.
prEN 13445-5:2002 (E)Issue 1(2002-05)
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73Annex G
(normative)
Inspection and testing of pressure vesls subject to cyclic loads G.1General
To avoid fatigue damage in ca of cyclic loading more vere inspection and testing requirements are needed for critical areas of the pressure vesls, i.e. areas that can limit the lifetime of the vesl for N > 500full pressure cycles (See EN 13445-3 for definition of critical areas). To reflect this, Quality Level B of EN ISO 5817:2002 is the reference quality level for maximum allowable imperfections in the critical areas. For cyclic loaded vesls the abnce of surface imperfections (no undercut, no root concavity, no lack of penetration for full penetration welds) and the necessity of
smooth transitions are esntial. Only smooth transitions are allowed, e Part 3 figure 18-7. Similarly, imperfections such as peaking are absolutely critical and the maximum permissible peaking of Part 4 or the value permitted in the fatigue analysis of claus 17and 18 of EN 13445-3:2002 and referred to below, shall not be exceeded.
The testing requirements are in addition to the general vesl testing requirements bad on the vesl testing groups 1, 2 or 3.
All critical areas shall be clearly designated in the design documentation, e EN 13445-3 and clau 5 of this Part.
G.2Extent of inspection and testing
In addition to the requirements of 6.6.2, all critical areas shall be 100% inspected, visually and by NDT, for both surface and volumetric imperfections (6.6.3.3 and 6.6.3.4).
