10个终于被解开但仍耐人寻味的历史之谜（下）
5. The Shape Of Stonehenge
5.巨石阵的形状
For a long time, historians have been divided on whether the stones at Stonehenge had originally formed a full circle. With no stones found in the southwest area, some rearchers believed the structure had never been completed.
北京最贵的商场在很长一段时间，历史学家在巨石阵的石头在形成初期是否是一个完整的圆这个问题上有了分歧。因为在巨石阵的西南部并没有发现任何石头，一些研究者认为这个结构从未完整过。
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But a short hopipe accidentally solved the mystery without excavation or expensive equipment. Tens of thousands of people had earlier overlooked the answer.
但是一段小小的水管竟然偶然地解开了这个谜团，这并没有开掘现场或者用到任何昂贵的装备。数以万计的人们一早就忽略了这个谜底。
When a custodian couldn't water the grass in the entire Stonehenge area (as was usually done) due to the short ho, the grass failed to grow in the unwatered area, revealing depressions in the ground. If some of tho parched areas had held stones, the circle would have been complete. Other brown patches matched areas of known archaeological excavations, confirming that the parched areas reprented ground that had been intentionally disturbed.
因为水管不够长，看守人不能浇到整个巨石阵区域的草（就像之前每次做的那样），没有浇到水的区域长不出草来，显得这片地面比较萧条。如果这些干枯的区域上有过石头，那么巨石阵可能曾经确实是一个圈。其它褐色土地对应着已知的考古发掘现场，证实了这些干枯的区域代表着那些被人为破坏的地面。
黄小琥没那么简单"A lot of people assume we've excavated the entire site and everything we're ever going to know about the monument is known,” said historian Susan Greaney of English Heritage. “But actually, there's quite a lot we still don't know and there's quite a lot that can be discovered just through non-excavation methods.”
“很多人以为我们发掘了整个现场，并且关于这座历史遗迹所有我们该知道的都知道了，”英格兰遗产组织的历史学家苏珊·格里尼说，“但是实际上，我们仍然还有很多不知道的东西，而且有很多东西我们可以利用非开挖的方式来发现。”
That still leaves the mystery of what happened to the missing stones. Were they ud to build hous or roads in the area? No one knows, but English Heritage may purpoly avoid watering some areas of Stonehenge during the next dry spell to e if the answers to other puzzles emerge.
那些不见了的石头发生了什么仍然是个谜团。它们是否被用来在当地建造房屋和路面，没有人知道，但是英格兰遗产组织可能会在下一段干旱期有意识的避免给巨石阵的一些区域浇水，以观察其它谜团的答案是否会浮现。
4. The Disappearance Of The Nazca Civilization
劳动的英文4. 消失的纳斯卡文明
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For years, historians were baffled by the mysterious disappearance of the Nazca people of Peru around A.D. 500. This was the civilization responsible for the Nazca lines, huge geoglyphs carved into the ground in that region. There have been many theories to explain the lines, but most historians agree that the Nazca probably ud them as sacred pathways when practicing their rituals.
多年来，历史学家们一直对公元500年左右，神秘民族纳斯卡人的消失感到困惑。纳斯卡
人创造了纳斯卡线，他们在这个地方深深地刻上了地质痕迹。对于纳斯卡线的说法众说纷纭，其中大多数历史学家们认同的观点是它们其实是在古代仪式中让人跟着走的神圣路线。
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In recent years, scientists have determined that the Nazca civilization caud its own destruction. By clearing so many huarango trees in their valleys for farming, they did irreparable damage to their environment. The nitrogen-fixing trees incread moisture and soil fertility. Without enough of them, the climate became too arid to grow food.
近几年，科学家发现纳斯卡人是自己导致这个民族毁灭的。他们为了农业生产，不惜破坏Huarango树，对环境造成了不能弥补的破坏。Huarango树是有固氮作用的树种，同时可以增加土壤湿度和使土地变得肥沃。砍伐Huarango树会导致气候过于干燥，不能种植粮食。
"The huarango . . . was an important source of food, forage, timber, and fuel for the local people," said archaeologist David Beresford-Jones. The species was responsible for "enhancing soil fertility and moisture, ameliorating dert extremes in the microclimate be
neath its canopy and underpinning the floodplain with one of the deepest root systems of any tree known. In time, gradual woodland clearance crosd an ecological threshold—sharply defined in such dert environments—exposing the landscape to the region's extraordinary dert winds and the effects of El Nino floods."
“ Huarango树是当地人最重要的食物，饲料，木材和燃料的来源。”考古学家大卫·贝雷斯福德·琼斯博士说，“这个树种可以提高土壤肥力和湿度，改变极端的沙漠气候，以其深深的树根保护所在地区免遭洪涝之苦。”随着时间推移，林地的不断砍伐到了生态临界点，将土地暴露于极端的沙尘暴以及厄尔尼诺洪水中。
Scientists believe that a major El Nino event occurred around the same time as the deforestation, triggering devastating floods due to the lack of trees. After that, the Nazca would have been unable to grow enough food for their people in that area.
科学家们相信，森林砍伐后，当厄尔尼诺现象来临，纳斯卡的灌溉系统被洪水所淹没，从那以后，纳斯卡不再适合生产，也不能为居民提供食物了。
成年大学3. A War Bracelet Comes Home
3.身份牌回家
While rving in the Army during World War II, Warren McCauley lost or left his silver identification bracelet ("dog tag") in Castel D'Aiano, Italy in 1945. According to an Army news relea that year, war hero McCauley received the Bronze Star when he "fearlessly advanced under a hail of small-arms fire to restore communications" after the German enemy cut wire lines.
在二战服役时，沃伦·麦考利1945年在意大利的达伊阿诺城堡失去了能证明他身份的银牌（狗牌）。据当年的军方消息称，战争英雄麦考利被授予青铜奖章，为了表彰他在德军切断了金属线后，勇敢地去恢复通信。
