（2）根据ERT反演后计算得到的电阻率值，将其与实测的含水量数据用改进后的Archie公式拟合，获得了含水量与电阻率之间的定量关系，其拟合度为0.765，相关性较好，能较为准确地反映含水量与电阻率之间的关系。
（3）利用ERT监测田间土壤水分运动时，在入渗初期，入渗区域土壤的表层电阻率迅速降低，随着时间的延续，表层电阻率的变化逐渐减小；比较试验不同时刻土壤水分入渗剖面和亮蓝溶液入渗剖面，发现土壤水分的入渗速度比亮蓝溶液的入渗速度要快；在亮蓝溶液入渗的过程中，由于上部土壤会对亮蓝溶液产生吸附，所以在优先流区域引起电阻率变化的主要原因是水分的运动；在入渗量特别大时，水分会在渗透性较差的区域产生积聚。
（4）将系列二维电阻率剖面信息导入到V oxler软件转换成三维空间电阻率分布模型，得到了更加丰富的地电断面信息，可以更清晰地反映土壤水分入渗过程。通过将二维电阻率剖面信息与三维电阻率立体信息相对比，发现三维电阻率模型能够准确地反映土壤水分运动过程。
（5）利用Photoshop图像处理软件将入渗试验结束时的土壤染色剖面图像处理成为二值图像，并统计分析土壤剖面染色比例在垂直方向上的变化，发现随着入渗量的增大，亮蓝的最大染色深度、均匀染色范围、优先流的均匀程度都随之增加。
关键词：土壤；ERT；染色示踪；水分入渗；Hydrus-1D；数值模拟
Application of ERT and dye tracing method in monitoring soil
water infiltration
Abstract
The precipitation infiltrates to the soil and turns into soil water,then soil water flows through the unsaturated zone (or vado zone) to the surface of groundwater and recharges groundwater. Soil water and groundwater are the most important components of water resources in arid and mi-arid regions. In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources, it is necessary to estimate the groundwater recharge rate. In recent years, with the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the water resources in Qingdao are becoming increasingly scarce. The Dagu river is an important water source in Qingdao, but it faces many problems such as the decline of groundwater level, the awater intrusion, and the pollution of groundwater though the basin area is vast. So exploring the soil water infiltration process is one of the key rearches on the issues. In the past twenty years, the Electrical Resistivity Tomography method (ERT) as a new hydro geophysical technology has been widely ud in the study, becau of its non-destruction, temporal continuity and high resolution characteristics. Otherwi, the dye tracer test has been paid more and more attention becau it can clearly and intuitively reflect the soil water flow path.
糕点的做法
To understand the process of water movement in soil, this paper conducted a total indoor soil water infiltration experiment and field soil water infiltration experiment, analyzed in different infiltration conditions, water movement process in homogeneous soil and heterogeneous soils. In the indoor soil column infiltration experiments, the soil moisture nsor installed on different depth of soil column to monitor profile variation of soil moisture in water infiltration process. And using different models simulated water movement. The field water infiltration experiment was carried out in the Luncun of Jimo city in Dagu River downstream. Setting 2~4 measuring line, two frames were arranged in the center of the measuring line. The inner frame infiltrated 3g/L brilliant blue solution, while the outer frame infiltrated water, and the height of water and brilliant blue solution must keep 3 cm. Using the DCX-1G multi function and high density electrical instrument -- real-time imaging system (ERT) monitored variation of resistivity before infiltration and infiltration process and after the infiltration in situ. The 2-D resistivity information were collated and imported into the 3D V oxler software, realizing the conversion from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, it can obrve the soil water infiltration process more clearly. And using Hydrus-1D software simulated soil water movement. At the end of the experiment, along the inner frame excavated ction every 5~10 cm, and using the camera recorded the profile of dyes. The rearch of this paper draws
the following conclusions:
(1)Through the analysis of the indoor infiltration experiment, it was found that the infiltration rate of water was large at the beginning of infiltration, and the cumulative infiltration rate changed rapidly. With the passage of time, the infiltration rate decread gradually and tended to be stable. The infiltration process can be simulated by Philip model and Kostiakov model, and the fitting degree of Kostiakov model was better; the process of infiltration and redistribution process can be simulated by Hydrus-1D,and the simulation results of the former was better, but the simulation results of the latter was slightly wor.
(2)Through fitting the resistivity values calculated by ERT and measured the water content data ud Archie formula, the quantitative relationship between them were determined, the fitting degree between them was 0.765, the correlation was good. So the fitting formula can accurately describe the quantitative relationship between resistivity and water content.
(3)In the early infiltration, soil resistivity was decread rapidly, with the passage of time, the variation of surface resistivity decread. According to the comparison of resistivity between water infiltration profile and brilliant blue solution infiltration profile, it was found that water moved faster than brilliant blue. In the process of brilliant blue solution infiltration, the brilliant blue solution can be adsorpted by upper soil, so the main reason of resistivity changes in preferential flow area was water
movement. And when the infiltration amount is large, the water will accumulate in the poor permeability region.
(4)A ries of 2D resistivity profile information loaded into the V oxler software and converted into a three-dimensional resistivity distribution model, which can be ud to enrich the information of the geoelectric ction. It was found that the 3D resistivity model can accurately reflect the process of soil water movement by comparing with the 2D resistivity profile.
(5)The Photoshop image processing software was ud to process the image of the soil profile to be a two value image. By statistical analysing soil profile changes in dyeing ratio in the vertical direction, it was found that with the infiltration volume incread, the maximum dyeing depth, uniform dyeing range, preferential flow uniformity incread.
Key words: Soil; ERT; Dye tracer; Water infiltration;Hydrus-1D; Numerical simulation
目录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 研究目的及意义 (1)
1.2 国内外研究进展 (2)
1.2.1 高密度电阻率成像法研究进展 (2)
1.2.2 染色示踪技术研究进展 (3)
1.2.3 土壤水分入渗研究进展 (5)
1.3 主要研究内容与技术路线 (6)
第二章实验材料与方法 (8)
2.1 研究区概况 (8)
2.2 土壤基本物理性质的测定 (8)
2.3 土壤水分特征曲线的测定 (9)
2.4 室内入渗实验 (14)
2.5 田间入渗试验 (15)
2.6 高密度电法简介 (16)
5以内的加法教案
2.7 Hydrus-1D模型简介 (20)
第三章室内土柱水分入渗的时空变化及数值模拟 (22)
3.1 累积入渗量随时间的变化特征 (22)
公共场所吸烟3.2 土壤压力水头随时间变化规律 (23)
3.3 不同模型模拟室内土柱水分运移 (27)
3.3.1 Kostiakov模型和Philip模型模拟室内土柱水分运移 (27)
3.3.2 Hydrus-1D模型模拟室内土柱水分运移 (29)
第四章基于高密度电阻率成像法的田间土壤水分入渗过程 (34)
4.1 土壤水分含量与电阻率之间的定量关系 (34)
4.2 ERT二维反演土壤水分入渗过程 (35)
4.2.1 异常点的剔除 (36)
4.2.2 试验I土壤水分入渗过程 (37)
4.2.3 试验II土壤水分入渗过程 (40)
邓稼先板书设计4.2.4 试验III土壤水分入渗过程 (44)
4.3 土壤水分入渗过程三维图像显示 (50)
4.3.1 试验I土壤水分入渗过程三维图像显示 (51)
4.3.2 试验II土壤水分入渗过程三维图像显示 (53)
4.3.3 试验III土壤水分入渗过程三维图像显示 (55)
4.4 Hydrus-1D模拟田间水分入渗过程 (57)
第五章土壤染色示踪剖面分析 (64)
5.1 土壤染色剖面图像处理 (64)
5.1.1 土壤染色剖面图像获取 (64)
紫杉5.1.2 土壤染色剖面图像处理过程 (65)冯迪
5.2 染色剖面分析 (65)
第六章结论与展望 (76)
6.1 结论 (76)
6.2 存在的不足及展望 (77)
参考文献 (78)
攻读学位期间的研究成果 (84)
鞋子图片大全
一瞬不瞬致谢 (85)
学位论文独创性声明 (86)
学位论文知识产权权属声明 (86)
