In January 1559 Elizabeth was crowned Queen of England. She was the last of the great Tudor dynasty, a bright star who dazzled both the nation and the world.
Elizabeth ‘s achievements has lasted for nearly four centuries and it’s easy to e why. She reigned for 45 tumultuous years. Her ships defeated the Spanish Armada and sailed round the globe. In her time, Shakespeare wrote plays and Spenr wrote poems.
esdaThe daughter of King Henry VIII and his cond wife, Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558 and ruled England for almost 45 years. Her reign is known as The Golden Age, a time that saw the birth of Shakespeare, the defeat of the Spanish Armada, and the emergence of England as a world power.
From the prison to the palace
Elizabeth ‘s father was Henry ,one of the most famous kings in England for his six wives. Henry divorced his first wife, Catherin of Aragon, becau she had not given him a son he had been long for, but now her replacement Ann Boleyn had failed her principal duty as royal breeding machine, for she had only one daughter - Elizabeth. Meanwhile, Henry had fallen in love with another woman-Jane Seymour. By the time when Elizabeth was only three, Ann was soon accud of multiple adultery and executed. And their marriage was decleared null and void. Elizabeth was now illegitimate and unable to inherit the throne. So instead of the Right High and Mighty Princess, the Lady Elizabeth, inheritrix of the crown of England, she became the Lady Elizabeth, the King’s cond bastard daughter. Although was brought up in the country away from the royal court, she studies languages from the age of four. She became fluent in French, Italian, Latin and Greek.
In 1544, Henry reinstated Elizabeth and Mary in the succession. No woman had ever sat on the throne before. Now if Edward (Jane Seymour ’ s son) died without a heir, first Mary and then Elizabeth would become queen. Henry then sailed for France to fight a war, leav
ing his wife Katherine Parr, as regent in charge of the kingdom. Elizabeth now witnesd at first hand that an intelligent, well-educated woman could rule effectively.
In 1546, Elizabeth’s father, Henry died, and little King Edward had stepped into his father’s shoes at the age of 9, while Elizabeth was only 13.
In order to divorce Catherin of Aragon, Henry had broken away from Rome and made himlf head of the church in England. The Catholic churches ,cross and candles were being stripped everywhere. The new faith had the enthusiastic backing of Elizabeth’s brother, the young King Edward. But by 1553, the 15-year-old King was dying of tuberculosis. He was desperate to stop the religious reforms being undone by his Catholic sister Mary, who would succed under the terms of their father’s will. So he excluded her from the succession becau she was a bastard. But it couldn’t stop Mary’s overwhelming support, for she was proclaimed Queen ,who vision was to lead England back to the true Catholic faith. Mary had stamped Catholicism on England with extraordinary violence, burning at the stake over 300 Protestant men, women, and childre
n. Elizabeth’s Protestantism marked her out as a potential enemy. In 1554, Elizabeth was nt to the tower for involving in a failed rebellion. However, Mary finally relented under pressure from her council to name Elizabeth as her successor. In 1559, Elizabeth was crowned as Queen of England.
The Virgin Queen
肉皮冻Parliament petitioned the Queen asking her to pledge herlf to a suitable international marriage. Three days later, she gave her respons. “Now the public care of governing the kingdom is laid upon me, to draw upon me also the cares of my marriage, may em a point of inconsiderable folly. Yea, to satisfy you, I have already joined mylf in marriage to an husband, namely the Kingdom of England. And for me it shall be a full satisfaction if, when I shall let my last breath, it may be engraven upon my marble tomb ’Here lieth Elizabeth, which reigned a virgin and died a virgin’.”
Elizabeth had fina房屋销售lly got the parliament to restore Protestantism in England. Queen Elizabeth is God’s direct reprentative here on earth-church and state are one.
Elizabeth had inherited from her sister Mary a nation that was bankrupt, military weak and hemmed in by enemies. In the parlance of the time, the country was a bone between two dogs - France and Spain. 愤世嫉俗
Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his cond wife, Anne Boleyn.
Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne emed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Roman Catholics, indeed, always considered her illegitimate and she only narrowly escaped execution in the wake of a failed rebellion against Queen Mary in 1554.
菊花会
Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. She was very well-educated (fluent in five languages), and had inherited intelligence, determination and shrewdness from both parents.
Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history. During it a cure Church of England was established. Its doctrines were laid down in the 39 Articles of 1563, a compromi between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.
Elizabeth herlf refud to 'make windows into men's souls ... there is only one Jesus Christ and all the rest is a dispute over trifles'; she asked for outward uniformity.
Most of her subjects accepted the compromi as the basis of their faith, and her church ttlement probably saved England from religious wars like tho which France suffered in the cond half of the 16th century.
Although autocratic and capricious, Elizabeth had astute political judgement and cho her ministers well; the included William Cecil, later Lord Burghley (Secretary of State), Sir Christopher Hatton (Lord Chancellor) and Sir Francis Walsingham (in charge of intelligence and also a Secretary of State).骨子里的我>会考是什么意思
Overall, Elizabeth's administration consisted of some 600 officials administering the great
化学与环境offices of state, and a similar number dealing with the Crown lands (which funded the administrative costs). Social and economic regulation and law and order remained in the hands of the sheriffs at local level, supported by unpaid justices of the peace.
