英美宗教文化-- Religion in Britain and the U.S. 分类：英美文化习俗 2010-01-28 20:19 阅读(456)评论(0)编辑删除 大学专业目录
Religion in Britain and the U.S.
About Christianity
As we know, most people in Britain believed in Christianity. Christianity is the world's largest single religion, with an estimated 2.0 billion followers or about 33% of the world's population. Christianity has numerous religious traditions that widely vary by culture, as well as thousands of different beliefs and branches.
Christianity is generally grouped into three main branches:
(1)Roman Catholicism 天主教
the largest single denomination教派, with over one billion adherents.信徒 People in many western European countries(such as France, Italy, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Pola
nd, parts of the U.S. and Latin America ) belong to the Roman Catholic Church. The head is the Pope, who lives in Vatican City, which is an independent state under the absolute authority of the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. It is an enclave with Rome, Italy, which is to say, it lies in the city of Rome.
(2)Orthodox Christianity东正教
It was parated from Catholicism in 1054. People in some eastern European countries (such as, Greece, Cyprus, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Russia) belong to the Orthodox Eastern Church.
(3)Protestantism 新教
It was parated from the Roman Catholic Church at the Reformation in the 16th century. It is spreading over Britain, the U.S.A., Germany, Switzerland, Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, including Anglicanism英国国教, Calvinism加儿文教, Lutheranism路德教 (of cour, the leader was Martin Luther), and Methodism 卫理公会派
Britain
In Britain, there are mainly three main churches:
(1) the Church of England, or Anglican Church
It is established church during the Reformation, and it reprents the official state religion. Its head is the king or queen of Britain.
(2) the Church of Scotland or the Scotland Presbyterian Church.
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People of Scotland belong to this church, it is a Presbyterian church., and the leaders are the ministers(牧师)and elders.
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(3) The churches in Wales:
The churches in Wales are Calvinist or Presbyterian Churches.
Of cour, in Britain, there are still some people belong to the Roman Catholic Church.
春节的历史
The U.S.
The U.S. is an immigrant country, of cour, different people have different beliefs, but for the people who believe in Christianity, they mainly belong to the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant churches, and the Baptist Church is the largest Protestant church in the U.S.
Henry Ⅷ’s Religious Reform
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The church of the Middle Ages had not been only a religious body, it had been a political and legal power as well. Before Henry Ⅷ’s Religious Reform in the 16th century, British people also belong to the Roman Catholic Church, at that time, the Pope had the supreme power, and even the king had to obey the orders of the Pope.
The common people hated the church vary much, becau the priests were very greedy and lazy, but at first the king didn’t realize that.
The external pretext for the Reformation was Henry Ⅷ’s divorce ca. Henry Ⅷ died i
基湖沙滩n 1509 and his son Henry Ⅷ succeeded him. He married Catherine, the widow of his elder brother. The Pope had given him special permission to marry his elder brother’s widow, as this was against the laws of the Church, Catherine gave birth to a daughter, Mary, but all her sons died in childbirth, and Henry badly needed a son to succeed him. Wishing to divorce his queen, he applied to the Pope for approval in order to be free to marry again. This could have been easily done by the Pope, for he had done the same for two recent kings of France. But Emperor Charles V of Spain was Catherine’s nephew, and his army had ized Rome. So the Pope had to refu to do what Henry desired. 铲字组词
Angry as he was, Henry had no wish to break away from the Roman Church (the Catholic Church), for he wanted only a reformed national church within the Catholic framework. For the next five years Henry did everything to gain the Pope’s approval, but all his efforts were in vain, for the Pope remained under Charles’s influence.
Henry’s troubles over his marriage made him realize something that most English people had known for years: that foreign interference in England had gone on too long and must 转钟
be stopped forever. At last Henry had the divorce ttled by civil means — by a special act of Parliament in 1533. Archbishop Cranmer declared that his marriage to Catherine was unlawful and accepted his new wife, Ann Boleyn, as Queen. In 1534 Parliament pasd the “Act of Supremacy” according to which Henry was declared the head of the English Church. Thus the English Church became independent of Rome. Little was done in the modification of religious doctrines and forms, but the administration was changed. The Roman Catholic Church was international; the English Church was strictly national.
