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多极神经元SAE WEB ADDRESS
Copyright 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001
STANDARD
Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard
J2441
ISSUED AUG2000
Issued
2000-08
Shot Peening
1.Scope
1.1物流方案
Form—This SAE Standard covers the engineering requirements for peening surfaces of parts by impingement of metallic shot, glass beads, or ceramic shot.
1.2
Application—To induce residual compressive stress in surface layers of parts, thereby increasing fatigue strength and resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.2.References
2.1
Applicable Publications—The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwi indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the latest revision.
2.1.1
SAE P UBLICATIONS —Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J441—Cut Wire Shot
SAE J442—Test Strip, Holder, and Gage for Shot Peening
SAE J443—Procedures for Using Standard Shot Peening Test Strip
SAE J444—Cast Shot and Grit Size Specifications Peening and Cleaning SAE J445—Metallic Shot and Grit Mechanical Testing SAE J827—High-Carbon Cast-Steel Shot
SAE J1173—Size Classification and Characteristics of Glass Beads for Peening SAE J1830—Ceramic
SAE J2175—Specifications for Low Carbon Cast Steel Shot SAE J2277—Shot Peening Coverage
2.1.2ASTM P UBLICATIONS —Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM E 18—Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 11—Standard Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purpos
3.Technical Requirements
3.1Material
3.1.1M EDIA—As received peening media shall conform to the requirements of SAE J441, J444, J827, J2175,
J1173, and J1830.
3.1.1.1Metallic shot may be ud for peening to intensities requiring u of “N,” “A,” and “C” Almen test strips. 3.1.1.2Glass beads may be ud for peening to intensities requiring u of the “N” test strip.
3.1.1.3Ceramic shot may be ud for peening to both “A” and “N” intensities.
3.1.2M EDIA M AINTENANCE
3.1.2.1Media uniformity shall be in accordance with Table 1. Inspection shall be conducted in accordance with
4.3.3.
TABLE 1—SIZE UNIFORMITY REQUIREMENTS OF MEDIA IN MACHINE
Cast Shot Sizes -J444
Cut
Wire
Sizes -
J441
Glass Bead
Sizes -
SAE J1173
Ceramic Shot
Sizes -
SAE J1830
0.5% Maximum (by
右背部疼痛有哪些原因weight) Retained on
US Sieve(1) Size
mm (in)
1.Test Sieve specified in ASTM E 11.
Maximum 20% (by Weight) Passing US Sieve(1) Size
mm (in)
S930—GB 280— 4.00 (0.157) 2.36 (0.0937) S780—GB 235— 3.35 (0.132) 2.00 (0.0787) S660—GB 200— 2.80 (0.110) 1.70 (0.0661) S550SCW/CW-62GB 170— 2.36 (0.0937) 1.40 (0.0555) S460SCW/CW-54GB 140— 2.00 (0.0787) 1.18 (0.0469) S390SCW/CW-47GB 120— 1.70 (0.0661) 1.00 (0.0394) S330SCW/CW-41GB 100Z 850 1.40 (0.0555)0.850 (0.0331)—SCW/CW-35—— 1.18 (0.0469)0.710 (0.0278) S280SCW/CW-32GB 85— 1.18 (0.0469)0.710 (0.0278) S230SCW/CW-28GB 70Z 600 1.00 (0.0394)0.600 (0.0234)—SCW/CW-23GB 60—0.850 (0.0331)0.500 (0.0197) S170SCW/CW-20GB 50Z 4250.710 (0.0278)0.425 (0.0165)—SCW/CW-17GB 40—0.600 (0.0234)0.355 (0.0139) S110SCW/CW-14GB 35Z 3000.500 (0.0197)0.300 (0.0117)—
—GB 30—0.425 (0.0165)0.250 (0.0098)——GB 25Z 2100.355 (0.0139)0.212 (0.0083)——GB 20—0.300 (0.0117)0.180 (0.0070) S70AWC-12——0.425 (0.0165)0.180 (0.0070)——-GB 18Z 1500.250 (0.0098)0.150 (0.0059)——GB 15—-0.212 (0.0083)0.125 (0.0049)——GB 12—0.180 (0.0070)0.106 (0.0041)——GB 10—0.150 (0.0059)0.090 (0.0035)——GB 9—0.125 (0.0049)0.075 (0.0029)——GB 8—0.106 (0.0041)0.063 (0.0025)——GB 6—0.090 (0.0035)0.053 (0.0021)
3.2Equipment
3.2.1P EENING M ACHINE
3.2.1.1Pneumatic and centrifugal machines shall be ud to peen parts. Peening streams should have an angle
of impingement of 45 to 85 degrees to the areas to be peened. Air pressure or wheel speeds shall be adjusted to yield designated intensities.
3.2.1.2The peening machine shall provide means of propelling, at a controlled rate, dry metallic shot by air
pressure or centrifugal force, or propelling dry or wet glass beads or ceramic shot by air pressure, ag
ainst the work, and means of uniformly moving the work through the shot or bead stream in either translation, rotation, or both as required. The nozzles and/or the work shall be held and moved mechanically unless purchar permits manual movement.
3.2.1.3Unless otherwi specified, equipment for dry peening with either shot or beads should include a parator
for size control and contaminant removal. The parator should provide means for removal of fine, broken or defective shot or beads during peening.
3.2.1.4Each machine shall be qualified for each part number. Either a scrap piece or reprentative fixture shall
be fitted with sufficient test strip holders oriented esntially in the same manner, with the same surrounding features-as the part, to reprent the actual designated surface. A saturation curve shall be established for each test strip location. Saturation shall be determined using SAE J443. The test strip fixture employed shall be ud to verify specified intensity with every batch of parts during peening as required by 4.1.2.
3.2.2T EST S TRIP, H OLDER AND G AGE—Shall conform to SAE J442 and utilized per SAE J443.
3.2.2.1In locations where standard test strips cannot be placed to accurately reflect the peening intensity, shaded
test strips (as defined in SAE J442) may be ud. The respon of shaded strips shall be correlated to a standard unshaded strip.
3.3Preparation
3.3.1P REPARATION OF P ARTS—Parts shall be free of grea, dirt, oil, corrosion, and corrosion-preventive coatings
菊花枸杞茶的功效与作用such as anodic coatings, plating, and paint. Areas of the part or workpiece, which are designated to be free from any shot peening marks, shall be suitably masked or otherwi handled to protect such surfaces from the peening stream.
3.3.1.1Parts shall be suitably mounted and masked as required for peening. Parts shall be free from externally
applied loads or forces during shot peening other than normal fixturing in supported areas. Parts to be stress peened shall be loaded in suitable fixturing designed to apply specified pre-peening stress
es.
3.4Procedure
3.4.1Parts shall be peened on all areas specified on the engineering drawing.
3.4.2The phra “peening optional” shall mean that peening on areas so indicated is optional and may have
东方明珠门票complete, partial, or no coverage.
由近及远3.5Post Peening Treatment
3.5.1After peening and removal of protective masks, shot or beads and fragments shall be removed from surfaces
橘子英语怎么写of parts by a method which will not damage surfaces.
3.5.2Straightening of peened parts is prohibited, unless otherwi specified.
3.5.3Subquent processing for metal removal, such as honing, lapping, or polishing, shall be perfor
med only
when specified on the engineering drawing.
3.5.4Parts shall be protected from corrosion until protective coating or packaging is completed. The method of
protection shall be as specified by the responsible authority.
3.6Properties
来世还等你3.6.1C OVERAGE—Surfaces, which have been peened, shall show complete coverage as defined in SAE J2277.
3.6.2I NTENSITY—Peening intensity shall be as specified on the engineering drawing, determined in accordance
with SAE J443.
3.7Tolerances—Unless otherwi specified, variation from the specified (minimum) peening intensity shall be –0,
+40% to the nearest unit, but in no ca less than 0.08 mm (0.003 in). Thus, a specified peening intensity of
0.15 mm (0.006 inches) A, denotes an arc height of 0.15 to 0.23 mm (0.006 to 0.009 in) on the “A” specimen
and a specified peening intensity of 0.36 N denotes an arc height of 0.36 to 0.51 mm (0.014 to 0.020in) on the “N” specimen. Unless otherwi specified, the variation in boundaries of areas to be peened, when limited, shall be –0 to +3.18 mm (–0 to +0.125 in).
4.Quality Assurance Provisions
4.1Sampling and Testing—A lot shall be all parts in a production run that are peened in one tup of the
machine using the same test piece fixture and the same peening parameters and in increments of not more than eight hours of machine operation.
4.1.1C OVERAGE AND A PPEARANCE—Each manually peened part and reprentative parts from each lot of
mechanically peened parts shall be inspected for coverage and appearance by one of the following methods defined in SAE J2277.
4.1.2I NTENSITY V ERIFICATION
4.1.2.1At least one Almen strip shall be ud to confirm intensity, at each location, at the beginning and end of
each lot, and shall be within the tolerance specification on the drawing.
4.1.2.2For a continuous production operation, the intensity shall be determined:
When the size or type of media in the machine is changed
At least every 8 h for metallic shot
At least every 2 h for nonmetallic shot
4.1.3M EDIA M AINTENANCE
4.1.3.1At least one determination for shot size and uniformity shall be made when the size or type of
media in the
machine is changed, every 8 h of continuous machine operation with metallic shot, and every 2 h for nonmetallic shot.
4.1.3.2Shape—It is permissible for a maximum of 10% of the particles in a reprentative sample to be broken.
4.1.3.3For Wet Bead Peening—The entire slurry shall be changed often enough that the peening intensity under
any given t of parameters remains within established limits for that t of parameters. Fresh beads may be added only once between changes of the entire slurry to maintain the peening intensity.
4.2Approval
4.2.1The supplier quality system to insure compliance to this specification shall be approved by the responsible
authority before parts for production u are supplied.
4.2.2The supplier shall establish, for each part number, parameters for the critical items of processing which will
produce acceptable peened parts; the shall constitute the approved peening procedures and shall be ud for peening production parts (quality plan).
4.2.2.1Parameters for the critical items of processing include, but are not limited to, the following:
Type of machine (pneumatic or centrifugal)
Number of nozzles or wheels
Size of nozzles or wheels
Nozzle or control cage and wheel position
Air pressure or wheel speed in rpm
Media, hardness size and material
Speed of work movement in translation and rotation
Placement of test strips in relation to the work
Time to peen part
Media metering orifice or flow rate tting
Centrifugal Machine - Flow Rate and/or ammeter reading
Required test strip type
Holding and masking fixture
Intensity
Percent Coverage
Control program reference number (if applicable)
4.2.2.1.1Any of the previous items of processing for which parameters are considered proprietary by the
processing vendor may be assigned a code designation. Each variation in such parameters shall be
assigned a modified code designation.
4.3Test Methods
4.3.1C OVERAGE—Shall be determined in accordance with SAE J2277.
4.3.2I NTENSITY—Shall be determined in accordance with SAE J443.
4.3.3M EDIA U NIFORMITY—Shall be determined using the sampling and sieving procedures defined in SAE J444.
4.4Certification of Conformance—The processing supplier shall furnish with each shipment, if required, a report
stating that the parts have been procesd and tested in accordance with specified requirements and that they conform to the technical requirements. This report shall include the purcha order number, lot number, part number, rial numbers (if assigned), number of parts, supplier’s procedure number.
