1. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为动词的时态、语态；
2. 该考点具体到考核目标与要求为：
各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式
主动形式表被动意义的用法
不能用于被动语态的及物动词和动词短语
3. 该考点常出现在单项选择题中，试题的设问大多是在一定的语境中，大体分值为1-2分；在书面表达中也重点考查了学生的语态的使用。
点拨
一、知识精讲
高考必会的9种时态的被动语态，以动词空手套白狼案例clean为例：
被动语态 | 例 句 |
一般现在时的被动语态 | Our classroom is cleaned every day. |
一般过去时的被动语态 | Our classroom was cleaned just now. |
一般将来时的被动语态 | Our classroom will be cleaned soon. |
过去将来时的被动语态 | She said the classroom would be cleaned soon. |
现在进行时的被动语态 | Our classroom is being cleaned now. |
过去进行时的被动语态 | The classroom was being cleaned when I came in. |
现在完成时的被动语态 | The classroom has been cleaned twice today. |
过去完成时的被动语态 | She said the classroom had been cleaned twice today. |
将来完成时的被动语态 | The classroom will have been cleaned before you come. |
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（一）动词被动语态的构成
1. 被动语态的构成方式：be+ done
2. get常与marry, beat, break, tear, hurt, repair, dress, pay等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态，一般指动作的结果。
【例句】
The workers got paid by the hour. 这些工人是按小时得到报酬的。
状元典例
—I am not going to play football this year, Mum.
—That’s music to my ears. I was so afraid you _____.
经济效益 A. will be hurt B. would get hurt C. had got hurt D. were hurt
答案：B
思路分析：答语的句意为：那听起来太好了，我是那么担心你会受伤。主句的谓语动词是was，所以可以去掉A选项。根据句意应该用将来时，hurt作“受伤”讲时，要说be hurt， 在此处get等同于be，故选B。
3. 带有情态动词的被动语态
构成：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词
【例句】
Can this radio be repaired here? 这里能修理这台收音机吗？
快门优先是哪个档
Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.你的作文明天必须交。
状元典例
The best u _______ our prent machine.
A. must be made of B. must be made C. must make of D. must make
答案：A
思路分析：句意为：一定要充分利用我们目前（拥有）的机器。该句中有make u of sth.，变为带情态动词must的被动语态时 ，要用must be done 的结构，u和sth.都可提前作主语。
（二）英语中的被动语态常用于以下场合：
1. 不知道动作的执行者；不必提到动作的执行者
【例句】
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
The new text book will be ud 打造什么样的团队in the next term.
状元典例
No permission has ______ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving
答案：A
思路分析：permission意为“允许，许可”，是“被给予”的，需用被动语态的形式。
2. 强调或侧重动作的承受者；动作的执行者很模糊
【例句】
如何赚钱最快This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
状元典例
Coubertin ______ as the founder of the modern Olympic Movement.
A. regards B. is regarded C. has regarded D. was regarded
答案：B
思路分析：根据句意“顾拜旦被看做是现代奥林匹克运动的创始人”课判断出为被动语态，故选B。
（三）要注意以下特殊形式的被动语态
1. 带有双宾语的被动语态
如果主动语态的动词后既有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如果是将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或 for。
【例句】
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
→Ｉwas told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night.
状元典例
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
→ An interesting book ________________________________________ on my birthday.
造诣是什么意思
→ I ________________________________________________ on my birthday.
答案：was given to me; was given an interesting book
2. 带有宾补的被动语态
在主动语态中，如果动词后带有宾语补足语，改为被动语态时，需将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，使其成为被动语态句中主语的补足语。宾补可以有下列几种情况：
怎么跳高（1）宾补为带to的动词不定式
【例句】
They asked her to sing a song. 他们让她唱首歌。
→She was asked to sing a song.
（2）在使役动词，如make；感官动词，如e, hear, feel, watch等词之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可以省略，而在被动语态里不能省。
【例句】
We saw Tom come out of the lab. 我们看见Tom从实验室出来了。
→Tom was en to come out of the lab.
状元典例
The boss made him work all day long.
→ He was made ____________________________ all day long.
答案：to work all day long
（3）宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。
【例句】
She kept me busy all the morning. 她让我忙了整整一上午。
→I was kept busy all the morning.
状元典例
In warm weather fruit and meat _________ long.
A. don’t keep B. can not be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping
答案：A
思路分析：句意：水果和肉在温暖的天气中不能存放很久。宾补是形容词，说明动词keep在这里是系动词，不用被动形式，故选A。
3. 如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性。
【例句】
You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
→Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
The plan will be given up. 那计划要被放弃了。
状元典例
Proper care _______ such things.
A. should be taken B. should take of C. should be taken of D. should be taking
答案：C
思路分析：句意：要适当地关注这类事情。take care of 是个固定短语，在变为被动语态时不要把它拆开，故选C。
二、难点聚焦
（一）不使用被动语态的几种情况
1. 不及物动词及部分由不及物动词构成的短语不能用于被动语态，常见的词和短语有：happen, break out, take place, run out, give in, come about, come into being, last等。
【例句】
A big fire broke out at five o’clock yesterday afternoon. 那场大火发生在昨天下午五点钟。
When did this custom come into being? 这种风俗是什么时候形成的?
I’ll go to the supermarket for the sugar is running out. 我得去趟超市因为糖快用完了。
