被动结构复习策略

更新时间:2023-05-17 19:08:51 阅读: 评论:0

被动结构复习策略
                                    湖北蕲春四中    张振东
动词的结构是反映主语(逻辑主语)与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词无论在句中充当什么成份都要依据它与主语的关系来确定其形式。
A. 谓语动词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。被动语态由护理人文关怀助动词be 过去分词构成,不同的语态通过 be 的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。如:
1[2009·上海卷] During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ______not to touch any unattended bag.
    Ahad always been warned  Bwere always being warned
    Care always warning    Dalways warned
【解析】根据时间状语可知是指过去,be always doing sth.表示一种感情色彩,并且人们(主语)与警告(谓语)之间是被动的关系,选B
2[2010·全国卷] Lindamake sure the tables __before the guests arrive.
    Abe t  Bt  Care t      Dare tting
【解析】 make sure意为确信,确保一爆十寒 后面句子用一般现在时t tables意为摆放桌子 动宾关系),结合语境选C
3(2011·东北三省四市联考)—What’s that terrible noiDavid?
—OhI forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________.
Awere tested  Bwill be tested Care being tested  Dhave been tested
解析:根据问句中的What’s that terrible noi 可知,这里应该用进行时态,噪音是机器(主语)正在被检测(谓语)时发出的,构成动宾关系,所以用现在进行时的被动语态。答案C
4(2011·北京西城模拟)The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they________.
Awould take  Bare taken  Cwere being taken  Dwill be taken
【解析】:句意为:袭击者被捕了,他们不知道正被带往何处(动宾关系)。根据didn’t know 可知,空格处也应该用过去的某种时态,所以BD不正确;根据句意可知此处用被动语态,故选C
樱花音乐5)Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill.
A. take          B. take of        C. be taken      D. be taken of
【解析】:由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知,good caretake是被动关系,排除AB;选项C中又漏掉了of;故选D
B.句中(除谓语)其他任何动词的结构形式,看它与句中的主语/逻辑主语的关系来确定其动词的形式。如:
党员积极分子1.过去分词表示被动(done),在句中作后置定语、宾语补足语、状语。
1)The teaching building built last year is under repairs. 去年建起的教学楼现正在维修。built过去分词作后置定语。
2)(2011·厦门市质量检查)When the minister came to the snow­stricken areahe was happy to e the disaster victims well________.
A女性尿路感染九大症状take care of Btook care of  Ctaken care of  Dtaking care of
【解析】:从句子中的结构和语意可以看出victims take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系,因此使用被动形式,在句中充当宾语补足语。选C
2.现在分词的被动(being done/having been done)   
注意:现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。
Having been told many times, he didn’t know how to do it.
告诉他多次,他还不知道怎么做。
【解析】:句中主语he与动词(tell)构成动宾关系,且telldo之前故用完成式的被动。
3.不定式的被动(to be done/to have been done)
(2011·电脑共享东北三校第一次联考)Cao Cao’s tomb is reported________in Anyangwhich attracts nationwide attention.
Abeing found  Bto be found  Chaving been found  Dto have been found
【解析】:句意为:据报道,安阳发现了曹操墓,引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It’s reported that Cao Cao’s tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一种表达方式,表示该动作已经发生,所以用不定式的完成式的被动。答案:D
4.动名词的被动(being done/having been done)
1)He can't remember having been scolded by his boss for that matter.
他不记得老板曾为那件事责备过他。
2)People hate being praid for nothing .
人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。(动名词的被动语态)
3)The problem is far from being solved .
这问题远没得到解决。
4)She didn't mind being left alone at home .
她不介意把一人留在家里。
C、动词主动形式表示被动含义,是考生最容易忽视的一点。如:
1)不及物动词及短语没有被动语态,如:happentake placebreak outcome about( 发生) last(持续) occur, come out(出版) come into u开始使用;come to light被人知道/发现;暴露;come into being成立;产生等。如:
The book came out last year. 
The war lasted about 4 years without reaching any agreement.
New evidence has recently come to light.
2)系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, em, remble, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等都没有被动语态。如:
The food tastes good.
The cloth feels soft.
His plan proved (to be) practical.
The fish has gone bad.
3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, ll, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start,cost。这类动词一般不单独使用,常用一个修饰语。如: 
The book lls well.  这本书很畅销。 
My pen won't write.  我的笔写不出字来。 
This coat dries easily.  这种外衣容易干。 
The door won't lock.  这门锁不上。 
The engine won't start.  引擎发动不起来。 
The cloth washes well.  这布很耐洗。
This book reads interesting. 这本书很有趣。
4) 动词need/want/require/derve/be worth后接-ing的主动结构表示被动含义。如:The flowers need  watering.
【解析】 need, want, require等动词的主语为物时,后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构(to be watered),表示“……需要……”
This city derves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。
5)介词短语表示被动含义
under discussion/consideration/repairs/construction/arrest在讨论当中/考虑之中/修理之中拉面和面的正确配方/建设之中/在拘留中。on trial/sale/display/tha air在受审,在试验中/出售(), 待售() ,拍
()/ 展览,展出/播送,广播。come into u(某物) 开始被使用。out of u作废。
This problem is still under discussion. 这个问题仍在讨论之中。
6) 如果不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面,不定式则用主动形式表示被动含义;若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语,则用不定式的被动形式。试比较:
I have a letter to write. 我有封信要写。(我写信)
I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your friends……你有什么要()带给你的朋友们吗?(被我带而不是你带)
注意:    不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如:
佛语

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