初中英语语法讲义－句子的种类 姓 名______
句子的分类：⑴按使用目的和交际功能分类: 句子可分为_______、_______、_______、_______。
⑵按语法结构分类:简单句、并列句、_______。本次只讨论按第一种分类的句子。
一 陈述句
陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法。陈述句分为_______陈述句和_______陈述句两种。
a．陈述句的肯定形式。Eg ：
They are students./ I have already posted the photos. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night.
I am a student . She has just come back . He is watching TV now .
b．陈述句的否定形式。分以下几种情况：
（1）谓语动词是系动词_____, 助动词_______，_______, _______, be 或情态动词，只须在其后面加_______构成否定句。be 用作助动词，用于 be doing/be _______/ be done等时态或被动语态中,表示为：
主语+be +not+v-ing或缅怀亲人寄托哀思的话p.p+其他。Eg : She isn’t a student . / He hasn’t been to the Great Wall .
I can’t swim / You won’t go there tomorrow. /They aren’t sleeping .
They weren’t classmates last year .She hasn’t been to China. He couldn’t ride a bike when he is small .
They don’t go to school , it is Sunday . He isn’t doing his homework now , he is playing.
(06 江苏) The singer and dancer ______ yet. A. don't B.haven't come C. didn't D.hasn't come
（2）若谓语动词是实义动词，在实义动词前加上_______，第三人称单数现在时用_____
__，过去时用_________。 Eg . He hasn’t nt me an invitation yesterday. She doesn’t like to play football. He didn’t receive your letter until now .
(05 河北)I went to the cinema yesterday. But he _______ (没去)there.
(05 济南)He ______ say_________.
A. don't, something B.didn't,anything C. doesn't, something D. don't, anything
（3）由具有否定含义的词_______, nobody, _______, little, dislike, _______, few, _______ no one等构成的否定句,则不必再加任何否定词,它本身就是含有否定意义的句子.
Eg : Not all the books in our school library can be renewed .
I have never been to America .Nobody want to go there .
She can hardly believe his ears . There is little water in the cup .
He dislikes to go out . They ldom go abroad .
好累
There were few people came to the meeting .You are too to young to do that work .
Neither of them has ever been to Beijing.
(03 重庆) Few of them hurt themlves in the accident last night, _____?
A. don't they B. didn't they C.did they D. do they
(06 太原) ---You haven't been to Beijing,_______? --- But I want to go there this summer. 南京晓庄学院是几本
A. do you B.are you C. have you D. did you
二 疑问句
疑问句提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
⑴．一般疑问句：一般疑问句是询问事物或某情况是否属实,需要对方给予肯定或否定回答, 读时用升调. 以一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have开始.通常要求以yes或no回答的疑问句。
（1）一般疑问句的基本结构：
①Be动词(is, am, are, was, were)+ _______+表语…？Eg:Is he your classmate?
Am I not a new student ? Were you at school yesterday? Was she here just now ?
②Have动词(表示“有”：have, has, had)+主语+宾语…？Eg: Have you an apple?
香酥蛋卷 Has he been to China ? Had you been there when I went to the cinema ?
③情态动词(can, may, must等)+ _______+行为动词或be…? Eg: Can you help me ?
_______I speak to him ? _______ I come to your birthday party ?
④助动词(do, does, did)+主语+行为动词…Eg: Do you know her ? Does he go to school on foot ?
Did you receive her letter yesterday ?
(04黑龙江)---_______ you _____ TV at the moment?--- No, you can turn it off.
A.Did watch B. Are watching C.Do watch D.Have watched
(04黑龙江)---_______ you _____ TV at the moment?--- No, you can turn it off.
A.Did watch B. Are watching C.Do watch D.Have watched
⑤助动词(shall, will, have, has)+主语+行为动词…Eg: Shall we go to the park ?
成语
（2）否定形式的一般疑问句，通常把系动词或助动词与not缩写，放在句首。构成回答：
Eg: ①Aren’t you a student? _______ .(不，我是) No, _______.(工作亮点怎么写对，我不是)
哀默大于心死
②Doesn’t she often visit you ? Yes , _______ . (不，她是) No , _______. (对，他不是)
③Don’t you go to school by bus . _____, I do . (不，我是) _____ , I don’t .（ 对，我不是)
④Won’ t you come with me ? Yes, ______.(不，我是) No , _______. (对，我不是)
⑤Haven’t you been to America ? Yes, I have . (不，我去过) No , I haven’t . .(对，我没有)
⑵．特殊疑问句：以疑问代词who, what, whom, who, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how开头。（1）如果疑问词在句中作主语或其修饰主语时，其语序如陈述句。
Eg . Who is on duty today ? / Which book is yours .？
（2）如果疑问词在句中不作主语或其修饰主语，用“_______＋一般疑问句”形式。
Eg . 1.Where have you been ?
2 I want some onions --- How many do you want? ---Two kilos.
And how much is a kilo? ---One yuan a kilo.
3 Which is your maths teacher? ----The one in red.
舞蹈作品赏析4. How often is "Kucky 52" shown on CCTV-2? ----Every week.
5. What colour do you like best? ----Orange, becau orange can bring me success.
(06四川)--___do you have a sports meeting? --Twice a year. A. how soon B. How often C.
how long.
(06 桂林)_____ is the population of China? A.How much B.How many C. How long D. What
