关系分句定语从句
关系分句
关系分句（Relative Clau)是由关系词（Relative Word）引导的分句结构。这种分句结构又称“定语从句”（Attributive Clau），因为这种分句的主要功能是作名词
修饰语（即“定语”）。但是，关系分词除作“定语”外，还可以表示其他意义，因此本书仍按其结构特征名之为“关系分句”。
魔法保姆
33.1 限制性关系分句与非限制性关系分句
关系分句就其与先行项的语义关系分为限制性关系分句（Restrictive Relative Clau）和非限制性关系分句（Non-restrictive Relative Clau）。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系，缺少了它，作为先行项的名词（词组）便不能明确表示其所指对象。例如：Here is the boy who damaged the wa.
非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的联系，它不是先行项的不可缺少的组成
部分，而仅仅是对先行项提供一些补充说明。因此，如果省略了一个非限制性关系分句，并不影响先行项的所指意义。例如：My cousin,who is an engineer,went to Europe last week.
1)限制性关系分句
限制性关系分句在口语中前后没有停顿，在书写中通常不用逗号。例如：
The man who did the robbery has been caught.
The chair (which )I sat in was a broken one.
Can you show me the hou where Shakespeare once lived?
The reason why I was along in the mountains is that I had a difficulty with my guide.
限制性关系分句通常出现在下列搭配中：当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时，其后的关系分句通常为限制性关系分句。例如：
She was a woman who must be treated decently.
He spoke to me in a tone which I don’t at all like.
当名词中心词带有前照应定冠词时，其后的关系分句也必定是限制性的。例如：
He is the man who told me the news.
闻人是复姓吗This is the car I brought last year.
当名词中心词带有all,any,some,every,no等不定限定词时，其后的关系分句也通常是限制性的。例如：
The first flame from Rainbarrow sprang into the sky,attracting all eyes that had been fixed on the distang conflagration(大火）.
Any man who smokes cigarettes is,the doctors say,risking his health.
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Some friends that I made in college were more interested in grades than in learning.
He has read almost every book on linguistics that he could get hold of in the library.
No visitors who come to Beijing would fail to e the Great Wall.
2)非限制性关系分句
如前所示，非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间只有比较松散的关系。这种分句在口语中有停顿，在书写中常用逗号隔开。非限制性关系分句的引导词通常是who,whom,who和which等wh-词，但也并不绝对排除that.例如：
The Chairman,who spoke first ,sat on my right.
His speech,which bored everyone,went on and on.
The Chairman’s daughter,who name is Ann,gave me a patient smile.
She is devilish like Miss Cutter,that I ud to meet at Dumdum.
关系副词where和when也能引导非限制性关系分句。例如：
Many of our Welsh people(威尔士人）are going to ttle in North Carolina,where land is cheap.
I’m eing the manager tomorrow,when he will be back from New York.
非限制性关系分句，就其意义来说，再句中有时相当于一个并列分句。例如：
They had a fine walk too,which had done his liver good.(=They had a a fine walk too,and it had his liver good.)
有时，非限制性关系分句在语义上起状语分句的作用，表示原因、目的 、 结果 、 条件 、 让步等意义。例如：
It is in line with the Charter(联合国宪章），which recognizes the value of regional effort to solve problems and ttle disputes.(这里的相当于或的意思，表示原因。）元宵节用英语怎么说
Chine delegations have been nt to Asian-African countries,who will negotiate trade agreement with the respective governments.(这里的相当于so that 的意思，表示目的。）
He would be a rash man,who should venture to forecast the results of this event.(这里的相当于的意思，表示条件。）
Dr lee,who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiments,could not obtain satisfactory results,becau he followed them mechanically.(这里的相当于的意思，表示让步。）
33.2 关系词的选择
关系词（Relative Word）包括关系代词（Relative Pronoun）、关系副词（Relative Adverb）和关系限定词（Relative Determinter），这里主要是将关系代词的选择问题。
在关系分句中，关系代词的选择受到几种因素的制约。这首先牵涉到先行项的所指意义，是指人还是指物；也牵涉到关系代词在分句中的句法功能，是作分句的主语，还是作宾语或者补语；当然还要看关系代词所引导的分句是限制性关系分句还是非限制性关系分句；同时还要考虑到关系分句是用于什么语域（Register）或语体（Style），是用于正式场合，还是非正式场合，是用于书面语，还是用语口语。因此，关系代词的选择带有一定的复杂性，必须综合考虑上述诸种因素加以选择。
1）在限制性关系分句中关系代词的选择
这里主要介绍在限制性关系分句中作主语、宾语和介词补足成分的关系代词的选择问题。
a)在限制性关系分句中作主语的关系代词的选择，按照一般规则是用who/that指人，用which/that指物。但在实际使用中，大多数是用who指人，较少用that；大多数是用that指物，较少用which；尤其在口语中是如此。例如：
鑫隆创投He's the man who lives next door to us.
He drives a car that can travel 150 miles an hour.
b)在限制性关系分句中，关系代词作宾语，正式语体分别用whom，which指人和指物；非正式语体用who，that指人，用that指物，而且通常可以省略。例如：
{(whom)}
Where is the man{=(who)}I saw this morning?
{=(that)}
{(whom)}
Is that the man {=(who) }you gave your tickets to?扫墓鲜花用什么花
{=(that) }
{(which)}
Where is the book {=(that)}I bought this morning?
Is that the address{(which)}you nt the telegram to?
{=(that)}
男生染发在上述诸例中，现代英语强烈倾向于用that和zero，除非在非常正式的语体中才用whom/which。
c）关系代词作介词补足成分，在正式语体中介词通常前置，这时不管在限制性或是非限制性关系分句中都用whom指人，which指物。例如：
James Rusll is a man for whom I have the greatest respect.
It is a tribute(贡献）in which the British-speaking peoples can share irrespective of party or class.
着迷by少年宫
在非正式语体中，通常介词后置，可用who/that指人，that指物，或者都用zero。例如：
They are the boys(who)/(that) I went to school with.
They ca (that) you are referring to is now clod.
