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Economic globalization refers to increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increa in cross-border movement of goods, rvice, technology and capital. Whereas globalization is centered around the diminution of international trade regulations as well as tariffs, taxes, and other impediments that suppress global trade, economic globalization is the process of increasing economic integration between countries, leading to the emergence of a global marketplace or a single world market. Depending on the paradigm, economic globalization can be viewed as either a positive or a negative phenomenon.金融知识入门
Economic globalization compris the globalization of production, markets, competition, technology, and corporations and industries.[1]sumWhile economic globalization has been occurring for the last veral hundred years (since the emergence of trans-national trade), it has begun to occur at an incread rate over the last 20–30 years.[3]国家劳动部 This recent boom has been largely accounted by developed economies integrating with less developed economies, by means of foreign direct investment, the reduction of trade barriers, and in many cas cross border immigration.
It can be argued that economic globalization may or may not be an irreversible trend. There are veral significant effects of economic globalization. There is statistical evidence for positive financial effects as well as proposals that there is a power imbalance between developing and developed countries in the global economy. Furthermore, economic globalization has an impact on world cultures.
物力Effects
Positive effects
There are at least three positive financial effects of economic globalization. "Per capita GDP growth in the post-1980 globalizers accelerated from 1.4 percent a year in the 1960s and 2.9 percent a year in the 1970s to 3.5 percent in the 1980s and 5.0 percent in the 1990s. This acceleration in growth is even more remarkable given that the rich countries saw steady declines in growth from a high of 4.7 percent in the 1960s to 2.2 percent in the 1990s. Also, the non-globalizing developing countries did much wor than the globalizers, with the former's annual growth rates falling from highs of 3.3 percent duri
赋税制度
ng the 1970s to only 1.4 percent during the 1990s. This rapid growth among the globalizers is not simply due to the strong performances of China and India in the 1980s and 1990s—18 out of the 24 globalizers experienced increas in growth, many of them quite substantial.[
Growth Rate of Real GDP per capita
Despite many analysts' concerns about the inequality gap between developed and developing nations, there is no evidence to suggest that inequality increas as international trade increas. Rather, growth benefits of economic globalization are widely shared. While veral globalizers have en an increa in inequality, most notably China, this increa in inequality is a result of domestic liberalization, restrictions on internal migration, and agricultural policies, rather than a result of international trade.
Economic globalization also has helped to decrea poverty around the world. Poverty has been reduced as evidenced by a 5.4 percent annual growth in income for the poorest fifth of the population of Malaysia. Even in China, where inequality continues to be a probl
em, the poorest fifth of the population saw a 3.8 percent annual growth in income. In veral countries, tho living below the dollar-per-day poverty threshold declined. In China, the rate declined from 20 to 15 percent and in Bangladesh the rate dropped from 43 to 36 percent.
The final positive effect to be mentioned is the narrowing gap between the rich and the poor. Evidence suggests that the growth of globalizers, in relation to rich countries, suggests that globalizers are narrowing the per capita income gap between the rich and the globalizing nations. China, India, and Bangladesh, who were among the poorest countries in the world twenty years ago, have greatly influenced the narrowing of worldwide inequality due to their economic expansion.
Negative effects and solutions
The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) has propod an agenda to support conditions for developing countries to improve their standing in the global economy.[16] Economists have theories on how to combat the disadvantages face
d by developing countries. However, the advantaged countries continue to control the economic agenda. In order to rectify the social injustice dilemma, international economic institutions (such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) must give voice to developing countries.梦见癞蛤蟆[17] A solution is to issue global rules that protect developing countries. It is still difficult for leaders of developing nations to influence the global rules.[18]
存在符号In order to create better economic relations globally, international lending agencies must work with developing countries to change how and where credit is concentrated as well as work towards accelerating financial development in developing countries.[19] There is a need for social respect for all persons worldwide. The Economic Commission of Latin America and the Caribbean suggests that in order to ensure such social respect, the United Nations should expand its agenda to work more rigorously with international lending agencies. Despite their title, international lending agencies tend to be nation-bad. The ECLAC suggests that international lending agencies should expand to be mo
re inclusive of all nations and they propo that there is a need for universal competitiveness. Key factors in achieving universal competition is the spread of knowledge at the State level through education, training and technological advancements.[20] Economist, Jagdish Bhagwati, also suggests that programs to help developing countries adjust to the global economy would be beneficial for international economic relations.[21]
