英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编25
(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)
1.Translate the following passage into English．(南京大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语) 《孙子兵法》是中国古代最伟大的军事理论著作，也是中国古籍在世界上影响最为广泛的著作之一。它所阐述的谋略思想和哲学思想，被广泛地运用于军事、政治、经济等各个领域。《孙子兵法》的作者孙武总结春秋时期的战争经验，揭示了一系列带有普遍性的军事规律，提出一套完整的军事理论体系。《孙子兵法》共十三篇，每篇一个主题。比如，《谋攻》篇讲述如何进攻敌国。孙武主张以尽可能小的代价，取得最大的成功，力求不战而胜。他指出：用兵的上策首先是以政治谋略取胜，其次使用外交手段，再次是使用武力，下策才是攻城。
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：The Art of War is the greatest work
of military theory in ancient China, and also one of the most influential Chine ancient books in the world. It elaborates on strategic and philosophic thinking which have been applied widely to various fields, such as military, politics, economy, etc. Its author, Sun Wu, summed up the experience of wars in the Spring and Autumn Period, showing a ries of universal laws of military. At last, he put forward an integrated system of military theory. The book is divided into thirteen chapters, and each chapter has a topic. For example, the chapter titled The Strategic Attack tells us how to attack enemies. Sun Wu advocated that we should achieve the biggest success at a possibly minimum cost, and even sometimes made it without war. He pointed out that there were four ways to win a war:the best was political strategy, the cond diplomacy, the third force, and the worst attacking a city.）
解析：
2.Translate the following into English．(东南大学2004研，考试科目：英美文学与翻译)平则门外，有一道护城河。河道虽比不上朝阳门外的运河那么宽，但春秋雨霁，绿水粼粼，
健身减肥方法
也尽够浮着锦帆，乘风南下。两岸垂杨古道，倒影入河水中间，也大有板诸隋堤的风味。河边隙地，长成一片绿芜，晚来时候，老有闲人在那里调鹰放马。太阳将落未落之际，站在这城河中间的渡船上，往北望去，看得出西直门的城楼，似烟似雾的，融化成金碧的颜色，飘扬在两岸垂杨夹着的河水高头。春秋佳节，向晚的时候，你若一个人上城河边上来走走。她像是有看后期印象派的风景画，几乎能使你忘记是身在红尘十丈的北京城外。西山数不尽的诸峰，又如笑如眠，带着紫苍的暮色，静躺在绿荫起伏的春野西边，你若叫它一声，好像是这些远山，都能慢慢地走上你身边来的样子。
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Outside the Pingze Men is a moat, though it is less wide than the canal outside Chaoyang Men, yet the water can not only shimmer under the sunlight after showers in spring or autumn, but also can float boats toward south with fair wind. The willows and the ancient path along the both sides, with their inverted reflection in the river, prent, to some extent, the style of Dike of Sui Dynasty. The open space on the riverside lies waste: late in the day, people are en training eagles or herding hors there. Shortly before the sun is to t, standing on the f
erryboat on the moat and looking northward, you may be able to catch the sight of the city gate tower at Xizhi Men, which is misty and then melt into blue green, high above the river between the willows on the banks. Right before the nightfall on a fine day in spring or autumn, if you walk alone along the moat, it would be like a landscape painting of post impressionism, which almost makes you forget you are just a few feet away from the world of Beijing city. The countless peaks of Western Hills, smiling or sleeping, are lying quietly on the west side of the deep green field. You cannot help believing that the mountains far away would walk to your side slowly if you call them.）
马克西玛which用法
解析：湫和椿>问候语
3.他板着脸进了家门，走到客厅脱了鞋，换拖鞋，接着挨个解衬衣扣子，一声不吭，横眼瞧着摊手摊脚地坐在沙发上的老头子，然后猛地脱下衬衣，穿着小背心去卫生间，拧开水龙头，哗哗地洗，片刻，拿着大毛巾回到客厅用力地擦，继续用眼瞧着老头子。
提高同义词（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：With a straight face, he came ba
ck home, took off the shoes in the living room, took on the slippers and then undid the shirt buttons one by one, without saying a word. Staring at the old man sitting stretched out on the sofa, all of a sudden, he took off his shirt, went to the bathroom with only a vest on, turned on the tap and washed with big noi of water flowing. After a while, he came out back to the living room with a big towel, wiping hard, and continued staring at the old man.）
解析：
4.Translation from Chine into English．(南京师范大学2010研，考试科目：翻译硕士) 学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物，我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。
（分数：2.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Learning is to the mind what food is to the body. Our bodies grow stronger and our muscles develop with the proper intake of nutritious food. Likewi, we should keep learning day by day so as to maintain our keen mental strength and enlarge our intellectual capacity. Continuous learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our ability to reason, analyze and judge. Learning constantly is the most sound way to keep pace with the times in the information era, and the reliable warrant of success in times of uncertainty.）
解析：
5.汉译英。(南京师范大学2008研，考试科目：基础英语) 劳动的家庭是有规律有组织的。我的祖父是一个中国标本式的农民，到八九十岁还非耕田不可，不耕田就会害病，直到临死前不久还在地里劳动。祖母是家庭的组织者，一切生产事务由她管理分派。每年除夕，分派好一年的工作以后，天还没亮，母亲就第一个起身烧火做饭去了，接着听见祖父起来的声音，接着大家都离开床铺，喂猪的喂猪，砍柴的砍柴，挑水的挑水。母亲在家庭里极能够任劳任怨，她的和蔼的性格使她从没有打骂过我们一次，而且也没有和任何人吵过架。
因此，虽在这样的大家庭里，长幼叔伯妯娌相处都很和睦。母亲同情贫苦的人——这是她朴素的阶级意识——虽然自己不富裕，还周济和照顾比自己更穷的亲戚。她自己是很节省的。父亲有时吸点旱烟，喝点酒，母亲管束着我们，不允许我们沾染上一点。母亲那种劳动简朴的习惯，母亲那种宽厚仁慈的态度，至今还在我心中留有深刻的印象。
（分数：2.00）耳的组词
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A laboring family is often regular and organized. My grandfather is a typical Chine farmer, who, in his eighties and nineties would feel sick if not allowed to work in the field, and he was still working in the field shortly before his death. My grandmother was the organizer of the family, being In charge of arranging and distributing tasks. At every New Year"s Eve before dawn, after my grandmother assigned the tasks of the next year, my mother would be the first one to get down to work. Then my grandfather got up. Then all others followed and began their work, feeding the pigs, cutting firewood, or carrying water. My mother is a woman who is hardworking and can stand the strain of labor and complaint. She is good tempered and had neither scolded or beaten us nor quarreled with anyone. Therefore, members of the
伏龙肝big family all got along well. My mother took pity on the poor—her simple class consciousness—and, though not well off herlf, she tried to help and took care of the poorer relatives. What"s more, she was rather frugal. My father sometimes smoked or drank alcohol, but my mother made sure that we had been far away from smoking or drinking. At the bottom of my heart, I am still deeply impresd by her habit of hardworking and frugality as well as her kindness and compassion.）
