考研英语阅读突破——理解主旨要义
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阅读涉及到的具体题型有几类，命题人对考生该能力的考查最直接体现在主旨大意题上，平均每年考查数量是2-3道，其难度不高，属于必得分点;但是考生千万不要因此而放松这种能力的锻炼，因为，理解主旨要义更重要的意义在于，把握了文章的主旨大意，考生才能进行有效阅读，才能准确的区分论点论据，不至于被淹没到大量的细枝末节中;而每篇阅读理解文章题目的命制都是围绕文章的主旨要义，近90%的题目都间接考查到了理解主旨要义。因为英语阅读考查的核心是考察考生对所阅读文章的理解能力，而这一点是通过对文章中心的理解加以体现，所以主旨题之外的其他题型也是对文章中心的一个侧面说明，因此我们说90%以上的阅读题目在答题时要以中心为导向，同时兼顾原文的忠实性。
1) 如何确定文章主旨要义
考研阅读文章主旨要义的确定方法相对固定。其具体应对方法如下：
a 关注文章各段首句，尤其是第一段首句。这一点充分体现了西方人的思维习惯对语言的影响，西方人属于直线式思维模式，习惯于开门见山的表达自己的观点，然后通过各种论述方
法论证自己的观点。因此通常情况下，文章首段首句是文章的中心句，各段首句是段落中心句。
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long lf-analysis known as the journalism credibility project…(2001年真题)
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a ries of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers…(2003年真题)
标压和低压的区别 Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themlves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed libe
dns缓存清理ral and conrvative views, es the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English…(2005年真题)
b 关注文章首段末句或是第二段首句。这类文章一个显著的特点是，作者先说明一个现象或讲述一个事件;在该段末，作者针对这个根据现象提出相应的观点。这类文章的首段有一个显著的特点，作者在说明现象和讲述事件的时候通常使用描述性语言和记叙性语言;而在段末句或是第二段首句出现的文章论点通常是议论性语言。
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” The days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and nding mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well…(2003年真题)
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, sl
ow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans…(2006年真题)
扫把怎么画 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guess: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increas soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.(2007年真题)
期中考试复习 c 注文章首段或其他段落中表示转承，因果的句子。通常情况下，首段出现这样的句子,
要么是中心句，要么与中心密切相关;而在文章其他段落出现这样的句子通常为段落主旨句。鱼片汤
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic…(2001年真题)
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death -- and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours…(2003年真题)
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