2012年河南省翻译竞赛心理健康指的是
翻译竞赛英译中参赛原文
犟脾气
Over-regulated America
云飘生活记The home of laisz-faire is being suffocated by excessive and badly written regulation
Americans love to laugh at ridiculous regulations. A Florida law requires vending-machine labels to urge the public to file a report if the label is not there. The Federal Railroad Administration insists that all trains must be painted with an “F” at the front, so you can tell which end is which. Bureaucratic busybodies in Bethesda, Maryland, have shut down children’s lemonade stands becau the enterprising young moppets did not have trading licences. The list goes hilariously on.
But red tape in America is no laughing matter. The problem is not the rules that are lf-evidently absurd. It is the ones that sound reasonable on their own but impo a huge burden collectively. America is meant to be the home of laisz-faire. Unlike Europeans, wh
o lives have long been circumscribed by meddling governments and diktats from Brusls, Americans are suppod to be free to choo, for better or for wor. Yet for some time America has been straying from this ideal.
Consider the Dodd-Frank law of 2010. Its aim was noble: to prevent another financial crisis. Its strategy was nsible, too: improve transparency, stop banks from taking excessive risks, prevent abusive financial practices and end “too big to fail” by authorising regulators to ize any big, tottering financial firm and wind it down. This newspaper supported the goals at the time, and we still do. But Dodd-Frank is far too complex, and becoming more so. At 848 pages, it is 23 times longer than Glass-Steagall, the reform that followed the Wall Street crash of 1929. Wor, every other page demands that regulators fill in further detail. Some of the clarifications are hundreds of pages long. Just one bit, the “Volcker rule”, which aims to curb risky proprietary trading by banks, includes 383 questions that break down into 1,420 subquestions.
Hardly anyone has actually read Dodd-Frank. Tho who have struggle to make n of
it, not becau so much detail has yet to be filled in: of the 400 rules it mandates, only 93 have been finalid. So financial firms in America must prepare to comply with a law that is partly unintelligible and partly unknowable. Flaming water-skis
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Dodd-Frank is part of a wider trend. Governments of both parties keep adding stacks of rules, few of which are ever rescinded. Republicans write rules to thwart terrorists, which make flying in America an ordeal and prompt legions of brainy migrants to move to Canada instead. Democrats write rules to expand the welfare state. Barack Obama’s health-care reform of 2010 had many virtues, especially its attempt to make health insurance universal. But it does little to reduce the system’s staggering and increasing complexity. Every hour spent treating a patient in America creates at least 30 minutes of paperwork, and often a whole hour. Next year the number of federally mandated categories of illness and injury for which hospitals may claim reimburment will ri from 18,000 to 140,000. There are nine codes relating to injuries caud by parrots, and three relating to burns from flaming water-skis.
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Two forces make American laws too complex. One is hubris. Many lawmakers em to believe that they can lay down rules to govern every eventuality. Examples range from the merely annoying (eg, a propod code for nurries in Colorado that specifies how many crayons each box must contain) to the delusional (eg, the conceit of Dodd-Frank that you can anticipate and ban every nasty trick financiers will dream up in the future). Far from preventing abus, complexity creates loopholes that the shrewd can abu with impunity.
欠款证明
语文用英语怎么写The other force that makes American laws complex is lobbying. The government’s drive to micromanage so many activities creates a huge incentive for interest groups to push for special favours. When a bill is hundreds of pages long, it is not hard for congressmen to slip in claus that benefit their chums and campaign donors. The health-care bill included tons of favours for the pushy. Congress’s last, failed attempt to regulate greenhou gas was even wor.
纯银手镯价格Complexity costs money. Sarbanes-Oxley, a law aimed at preventing Enron-style frauds,
has made it so difficult to list shares on an American stockmarket that firms increasingly look elwhere or stay private. America’s share of initial public offerings fell from 67% in 2002 (when Sarbox pasd) to 16% last year, despite some benign tweaks to the law. A study for the Small Business Administration, a government body, found that regulations in general add $10,585 in costs per employee. It’s a wonder the jobless rate isn’t even higher than it is.
A plea for simplicity
Democrats pay lip rvice to the need to slim the rulebook – Mr Obama’s regulations tsar is suppod to ensure that new rules are cost-effective. But the administration has a bias towards overstating benefits and underestimating costs (e article). Republicans bluster that they will repeal Obamacare and Dodd-Frank and abolish whole government agencies, but give only a sketchy idea of what should replace them.
