Chapter One 主谓一致Subject-predicate Agreement
一、基本概念
主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致，句子的主语是第三人称单数，其谓语动词须用第三人称单数，主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
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主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近原则。
（一）语法一致的原则
禅意诗句谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式;，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。(即单对单，复对复)
(1) 以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如:
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2) 由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both he and T are right.
Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
✧注意：但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.产品营销策划
The poet and writer has come.
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(3) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时，尽管后而跟有but,except, besides, with等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如: The teacher with his students is going to visit the muum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如:
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如:
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glass, shoes, trours, chopsticks, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes? I can't find them.
Your trours are dirty. You’d better change them.
✧注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair脱口而出的意思
的单复数形式。例如：
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
(8)不定代词everyone, everybody, somebody someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everything, anything, nothing等做主语时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。
Everybody here knows me.
Something is wrong with my computer.
(二)意义上的一致原则：
(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
(2)有些集合名词，如family, team, group, club, audience等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数; 如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
(3) 不定代词all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
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All of the people have gone.
(4) 疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
(5) “分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is a.
(6) half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class becau all the rest were off sick.
(7) 由what引导的主语从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
(8) 凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
(9) 以-ics结尾的学科名词如maths, physics, politics等，以及news, the United States等名词或短语形式上是复数，但意义上是单数，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
逝爱例：Physics is my favourite subject.物理是我最喜欢的学科。
(10) 数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数。
例：Nine and one is/ are ten.九加一等于十。
Two times three is/ are six.二乘以三等于六。
（三）就近原则
1. 由连词 or, nor, but also及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语保持一致。
例：Neither you nor your father is able to help me.你和你爸爸都不能帮助我。
Either you or I go swimming with our father.我或者你可以和爸爸一起去游泳。
2. there be句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
例：There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.桌上有一本词典和一些书。
回民死后净身图片3. 以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
例：Here is a letter and some books for you.
