语言学导论期末考试试题（滨州学院外语系）
Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choo the letter A， B， C or D. （20%）
1. _______ is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. The most influential scholar in this aspect is Trubetzkoy who published Principles of Phonology in 1939.
A. The London School B. Traditional grammar
C. American Structuralism D. The Prague School
2. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea， which Saussure called _______.
A. langue and parole B. signifier and signified
C. speech and writing D. system and function
3. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _____ approach to language study.
A. synchronic B. diachronic
C. prescriptive D. descriptive
4. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is_______.
A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural
5. Palatal mi-vowel refers to the sound_______.
A. [n] B. [h] C. [w] D. [j]
6. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called_______.
A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs
C. phones D. allophones
7. Morphemes that reprent “ten”， “number”， “gender”， “ca” and so forth are called_______morphemes. 课堂导入
A. inflectional B. bound
C. free D. derivational
8. The English word “modernizers” is compod of_______morphemes.
A. four B. three C. two D. five
9. “Unless I hear from her， I won’t leave this town” is a_______ntence.
A. simple B. coordinate
C. complex D. compound
10. In the phra structure rule “S NP馄饨皮的做法 VP”， the arrow can be read as_______.
A. is equal to B. consists of
C. has 以色列特种部队D. generates
11. In the following pairs of words，_______are a pair of complementary antonyms.
A. old and young B. male and female
C. hot and cold D. buy and ll
12. The stimulus-respon theory was propod by_______.
A. Firth B. Halliday C. Bloomfield D. Chomsky
13._______found that natural language had its own logic and thus concluded the famous Cooperative Principle.
A. John Austin B. John Firth
C. Paul Grice D. William Jones
14. As far as the ntence “My bag is heavy” is concerned， linguists of pragmatics are more interested in its ______ meaning.
A. literal B. logical C. contextual临时用电方案 D. grammatical
15._______is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system.
A. A speech community B. A race
C. A society D. A nation
16. A speaker’s knowledge of the total t of rules，酸枣树 conventions， etc.， governing the skilled u of language in a society is termed ______.
A. competence B. performance
C. communicative competence D. communicative strategy上市公司关联交易
17. The phonemes /k/， /a:/ and /p/ are in ______ relations in the words /ka:p/ （carp） and /pa:k/ （park）.
A. synchronic B. syntagmatic C. diachronic D. paradigmatic
18. The Prague School claims that a ntence may be analyzed from the functional side in terms of ______as well as from the grammatical side.
A. theme and rheme B. argument and predicate
C. subject and predicate D. performative and constative
19. In the proposition “Professor Green is a linguist”， the predicate linguist is a ______.
A. no-place predicate B. one-place predicate
C. two-place predicate D. three-place predicate
20. The following conversation exchange clearly violates ______.
A: Let’s get the kids something.
B: Okey， but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S.
A. maxim of Quantity B. maxim of Quality
C. maxim of Relation D. maxim of Manner
Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or fal. Write T for true and F for fal. （20%）
1. By arbitrariness Saussure means that the forms of linguistic signs bear some natural relationship to their meaning.（ ）
2. Human language is， unlike animal communication systems，情侣祝福语 stimulus free.（ ）
3. Language marks our identity， physically in terms of age， x， and voiceprints； geographically in terms of accents老公生日发朋友圈的句子， dialects.（ ）
