非谓语动词（Non-predicate Verbs）
非谓语动词包括：不定式（Infinitives）、分词（Participles）和动名词(Gerunds)。其中分词有包括现在分词（Prent Participles）和过去分词（Past Participles）。因为该话题太大，本节课只讲其中一部分：分词（Participles）和不定式的基本用法区别。
一、明确谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式的区别
（一）阅读下列句子，注意划线部分的谓语动词的构成（时态、语态和语气）白居易的称号
1.He lives in Beijing.
2. He is writing a novel now
3.A taxi wasn’t at all necessary.
4.Mary was making a dress.
5. I have written me two letters so far.
6.We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.
7. He will help his sister with her lessons.
8. She would lo the key!
9. We 1500英语怎么读shall be having a meeting in a minute.
10.I have been painting the living room all day.
博导教育11. John would be flying to America.
12. Before long, he will have forgotten all about it.
13. He had been studying English before entering the college.
14. By the time the sun ts, they will have been working on the farm for six hours.
15. She told me that she would have been teaching English for 30 years at the end of this year.
16.He said he would have finished the work then.
18. He was born in Beijing in 1965.
19. You should have cleaned the room.
20. Listen carefully.
21. I found him lying on the grass.
谓语动词的形式用表格表示：
表一（主动语态）
一般式 | 完成式 | 进行式 | 完成进行式 |
write/writes | have/ has written | am, is, are writing | Have/has been writing |
wrote | had written | was/were writing | had been writing |
shall/will write | shall/will have written | shall ,will be writing | shall ,will have been writing |
should /would write | should/would have written | would, should be writing | should, would have been writing |
| | | |
表二（被动语态）
式 时 | 一般式 | 进行式 | 完成式 |
现在时 | am is en are | am is being en are | has been en have |
过去时 | was en were | was being en 交际英语were | had been en |
将来时 | shall en will | | shall have been en will |
过去将来时 | should be en would | | |
| | | |
归纳总结：谓语动词形式除了一般现在时和过去是以外，都包含一个系动词或助动词或情态动词。
（二）阅读下列句子注意划线部分非谓语动词的构成
不定式
1.The last one to arrive pays the meal.
2.He pretended to be listening to me carefully.
3.She is said to have just completed a novel.
4.The experiment was said to have been done twice.
5.The meeting to be held next week is very important.
过去分词
6.The meeting held last week is very important.
现在分词
7.The meeting being held now is very important.
8.He is a student at Oxford University, studying for a degree in computer science.
怪兽大师9.Having failed to reach them on the phone, we nt an email instead.
10The country has already nt up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last March.
非谓语动词的形式用表格表示：
表三（非谓语动词）
| | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
不 定 式 | 一般式 | to write | to be written |
进行式 | to be writing | |
完成式 | to have written | to have been written |
Ving | 一般式 | writing | being written |
完成式 | having written | having been written |
过去分词 | taken |
| | 中国现代诗人 | |
归纳总结：不定式前面都有一个小品词to; Vings时动词后加ing构成；规则过去分词是动词后加ed。
二、明确谓语动词的否定与谓语语动词否定的区别
谓语动词 | 非谓语动词 |
He doesn’t like maths. She isn’t coming tomorrow. They haven’t done the experiment The engine won’t start. You mustn’t leave things every where. He didn’t play basketball yesterday. | Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher for help. He told me not to open the window. Not well designed, the bridge collapd soon after it was completed. His not coming on time let me down. |
谓语动词借助于助动词+not来实现 | 非谓语借助于not来实现 |
| |
三、明确句子谓语的主语与非谓语逻辑主语的区别
主语 | 逻辑主语 |
The table is made in China. He can’t jump that high. The taller of the two boys is abnt. To e is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was right then. It is said that he will visit China. | It’s important for you to master a foreign language狼人杀怎么玩的. It was careless of us to forget to lock the door. He told me to leave at once. He spoke in a loud voice to make himlf heard. He offered to help us. His leaving is a great loss. Walking in the street, he happened to meet Jane. The trees planted last year grow well. People there were all excited at the news. |
谓语动词的主语是名词、代词、不定式、动名词还有从句兼任都放在谓语动词前面 | 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是有句子的成分兼任的（个别不定式和动名词除外） |
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四、初步掌握非谓语动词的用法
一个中心，两个基本点
（一）五个基本句型
观察下面五个句子（五个基本句型），判断一下他们都有哪些共同的成分（主语、谓语、宾语、状语、表语、补足语、定语）
1.He lives in Beijing.
2. He is writing a novel now
3.A taxi wasn’t at all necessary.
4. I have written me two letters so far.
5. I found him lying on the grass.
归纳总结：一个句子里有一个主语和一个谓语。狭义上讲：一个句子只有一个主语和一个
谓语动词。那么出现第二个动词该怎么办呢？
（二）非谓语动词的基本用法
翻译： 1、他躺在那里。 He lay there.
2、他躺在那里望着天空。
A.有连词。鼓励自己的话语He lay there and looked into the sky.
• B.没有连词He lay there, looking into the sky.
两种翻译都对，为什么第一句用得是并列谓语而第二句是非谓语？因为第一句里面有连词；第二句没连词因此用非谓语。
阅读下列句子，观察下列非谓语动词语逻辑主语的关系（主动还是被动）；与谓语动词时间的关系（之前、同时还是之后发生）
He lay there, looking into the sky.
Driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green hous.
The last one to arrive pays the meal.
Having failed to reach them on the phone, we nt an email instead.
She is said to have just completed a novel.
