国防信息学院 GRE ARGUMENT 模板——————周小跳整理
1 调查
The survey that the argument cites is potentially problematic in three respects.
Firstly,the author does not provide complete information concerning……in illustrating that …The author only informs us that …,but we care more about is that…..which is not provided by the author.However,some other substantial information are needed for us to access the soundness of the argument.There exists the possibility that the conclusion would vary greatly when other conditions varied.For lack of detailed information about……we can hardly evaluate……
Secondly,the sample of the suvey cited in the argument is too samll becau the author provides only N samples of the general population.The limited sample is insufficient to draw any general conclusion about……Without additional samples from diver geographic locations,I cannot accept the author’s generalization about……
Thirdly,we should also notice that the respondents studied in the survey may not reprent the general group of ……It is entirly possible that people inclined to ……were more likely to respond to the survey and more willing to express their own opinions than other people.Other people who did not respond may hold a totally different position toward the issue studied,and the author shoud include tho people in the study to prent a more convincing result.Without knowing whether the sample studied was reprentative of the overall population ,it is impossible to confidently apply the results to that population.
2 错误因果
①没有因果关系，是其他因素所导致
糯米饼的做法The author unfairly assumes that it is ……that resulted in ……But we can find no concrete evidence to substantiate the inevitable relationship betwwen…and ….The author overlooks other factors that might have contributed to ……..Perhaps,……..Pehaps,……..Since the author has failed to consider and rule out the
班级简介创意
possibilities,the asrtion that …cannot be taken riously.
②同时发生不为因果
The author unfairly assumes that it is ….that resulted in …….. The assumption is bad on the mere fact that the two events occurred during the same period.However,we all know that merely a coincidence of two events could not sufficiently demonstrate a causal relationship between them. The author overlooks other factors that might have contributed to ……..Perhaps,……..Pehaps,……..Since the author has failed to consider and rule out the possibilities,the asrtion that …cannot be taken riously.
③前后发生不为因果
配称The author unfairly assumes that it is ….that resulted in ……..The assumption is bad on the mere fact that ….occurred after…. The author overlooks other factors that might have contributed to ……..Perhaps,……..Pehaps,……..Since the author has failed to consider and rule out the possibilities,the asrtion that …cannot be taken riously.
3 错误类比
①认为适合A也适合B
In the argument the author recommends A to carry out same (policies,actions,solutions)on…as B,but the analogy between them might be unsubstantiated.The author fails to illustrate that A and B are similar enough at every aspect and are indeed comparable.While it is true that A and B share some common ground on ……,there are still some obvious differences between them.Many differences may exist between A and B,thus there may be the possibility that the (policies,actions,solutions)proved to be effective for A might not have the same effectiveness for B.In short ,without accounting for possible differences between…and…,the director cannot convince me that this recommendation for…is sound.
②错误对比AB，A不一定比 B好
The author hastily implies that A is superior to B in …….,but the comparison between A a
nd B is incomplete.The author only compares……However,there may be other factors which woud bring about totally different result for the comparison.Without any further consideration about the factors,the author could not convince us that A is better than B in certain aspect merely bad on an incomplete comparison.
易出汗
金毛狮子鱼③过去不能推未来
In the argument the author suggests that we can solve current problems or achieve current goals through methods which have successfully solved the same kind of problems in the past.There is a hidden assumption assumed by the author that all conditions and factors upon which the effectiveness of the method depend have remained unchanged during the past N years.However,many conditions and factors could have varied greatly.Thus,the method proved to be effective in the past might not have the same effectiveness in current days /in the future.Without taking into account all the constantly changing factors,the author could not convince us that the propod solution could be ud to solve current problems successfully.
民间艺术品
④没考虑其他变量
丢失的爱The author unfairly assumes that it is ….that resulted in ….The causal relationship is convincing only if the author could demonstrate that all other factors that might affect ….remained unchanged during the same period.(The speaker must also assure me that the study was performed in a controlled environment where all factors possibly affecting ….remained unchanged. )The author overlooks other factors that might have contributed to ……..Perhaps,……..Pehaps,……..Since the author has failed to consider and rule out the possibilities,the asrtion that …cannot be taken riously.
