1.What is mother tongue/native language?
Generally, mother tongue is the first language a child has learned from birth. Becau of this, it is often called first language. In most ca, a person’s L1 and his mother tongue mean the same. But there is still different, for example, a child was born in a foreign country.
2. what is SLA?
Second language acquisition refers both to the study of individuals and groups who are learning a language subquent to learning their first one as young children, and to the process of learning that language. The additional language is called a cond language (L2), even though it may actually be the third, fourth, or tenth to be acquired. It is also commonly called a target language, which refers to any language that is the aim or goal of learning.
3. what’s first language?于连成
A language which is acquired during early childhood-normally beginning before the age of about three years-and that they are learned as part of growing up among people who speak them.
4. what’ s cond language?
保健站It is typically an official or societally dominant language needed for education, employment, and other basic purpo. It is often acquired by minority group members or immigrants who speak anther language natively. In this more restricted n, the term is contrasted with other terms in this list.
5. the difference between acquisition and learning?
植物生长的过程Acquisition: picking up a cond language through exposure; learning: conscious study of a language.
6. multilingualism: refers to the ability to u two or more languages. Bilingualism: the ability to u two languages. Monolingualism: the ability to u only one language.
Simultaneous multilingualism: refers to the acquisition of two or more languages at the same time. Sequltaneous multilingualism refer to the acquisition of two or more languages one after another.
二十四节气立冬
7.the motivations of adding cond language at an older age. A.: invasion or conquest of one’s country by speakers of another language. B: a need or desire to contact speakers of other language in economic or other specific domains. C: immigration to a country where u of a language other than one’s L1 is required. D: adoption of religious beliefs and practices which involve u of another language. E: a need or desire to pursue educational experiences where access requires proficiency in another language. F: a desire for occupational or social advancement which is further by knowledge of another language. G: an interest in knowing more about peoples of other cultures and having access to their technologies literatures.
8. how do you think children acquire their first language? 1) children’s natural desire to plea their clotting parents.2) children’s language acquisition is purposive, that they dev
elop language becau of their urge to communicate their wants and needs to the people who take care of them. 3).children learn language by imitation.
9.The role of natural ability.
Human are born with a natural ability or innate capacity to learn language. Such a predisposition must be assumed in order to explain veral facts.
1) children begin to learn their L1 at the same age, and in much the same way, whether it is English, Korean, or any other language in the world. 2) Children master the basic phonological and grammatical operations in their L1 by the age of about five or six, as noted above, regardless of what the language is . 3)children can understand and create novel utterances: they are not limited to repeating what they have heard, and indeed the utterances that children produce are often systematically different from tho of the adults around them. 4) there is a cut-off age for L1 acquisition, beyond which it can never be complete 5)acquisition 10. the role of social experience
A: not all of L1 acquisition can be attributed to innate ability, for language specific learning also plays a crucial role. B: social experience, including L1 input and interaction is thus a necessary condition for acquisition.
L1 VS L2 IN THREE STAGES
Initial stage :L1 :innate capacity：雨点像什么 L2 :L1 knowledge :world knowledge interaction skills
Intermediate stage: L1 child grammar basic process; maturation: input, reciprocal interaction. L2: transfer (positive & negative) input, feedback, aptitude, motivation, instruction
Final stage: L1: native competence. L2: multilingual competence, fossilization in SLA.穿上衣服英文
Positive transfer, when an L1 structure or rule is ud in an L2 utterance and that u is appropriate or “correct” in the L2 :
Negative transfer ,when an L1 structure or rule is ud in an L2 utterance and that u is inappropriate and considered an “error”.乐器种类
