Inventorymanagement库存管理-外文翻译
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Floyd D. Hedrick, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Editor: Jeannette Budding, Communications Manager关于的诗句
National Association of Purchasing Management
Inventory management
Abstract
Inventory management, or inventory control, is an attempt to balance inventory needs and requirements with the need to minimize costs resulting from obtaining and holding inventory. There are veral schools of thought that view inventory and its function differently. The will be addresd later, but first we prent a foundation to facilitate the reader's understanding of inventory and its function
Inventory management is inventory management in short .As an important inventory of liqui
d asts, its existence is bound to take up a lot of liquidity. In general, inventories of industrial enterpris accounted for about 30% of the total asts of commercial circulation enterpris is even higher, the management of utilization is directly related to the occupation of the level of corporate funds and ast efficiency. Therefore, a business to maintain high profitability, should be attached great importance to inventory management. Inventory management at different levels, the company's average occupancy level of funding is a big difference. Through the implementation of proper inventory management methods to reduce the level of the average amount of funds ud to improve the inventory turnover rate and total asts, will ultimately improve the economic efficiency of enterpris.
Keyword：Inventory；Management
ChapterⅠ Inventory Definition
Inventory is a quantity or store of goods that is held for some purpo or u (the term may also be ud as a verb, meaning to take inventory or to count all goods held in inven
tory). Inventory may be kept "in-hou," meaning on the premis or nearby for immediate u; or it may be held in a distant warehou or distribution center for future u. With the exception of firms utilizing just-in-time methods, more often than
not, the term "inventory" implies a stored quantity of goods that exceeds what is needed for the firm to function at the current time (e.g., within the next few hours).
Chapter II The meaning of Inventory Management
2.1maintain the list扬州灌汤包
Why would a firm hold more inventory than is currently necessary to ensure the firm's operation? The following is a list of reasons for maintaining what would appear to be "excess" inventory.
Table 1
January February March April May June Demand 50 50 0 100 200 200 Produce 100 100 100 100 100 100 Month-end inventory 50 100 200 200 100 0
Table 11-6 month a business demand, production, end balance situation
2.2 Meet demand
In order for a retailer to stay in business, it must have the products that the customer wants on hand when the customer wants them. If not, the retailer will have to back-order the product. If the customer can get the good from some other source, he or she may choo to do so rather than electing to allow the original retailer to meet demand later (through back-order). Hence, in many instances, if a good is not in inventory, a sale is lost forever.
2.3 Keep operations running
A manufacturer must have certain purchad items (raw materials, components, or subasmblies) in order to manufacture its product. Running out of only one item can prevent a manufacturer from completing the production of its finished goods.
餐饮卫生管理制度>葛优演的电影Inventory between successive dependent operations also rves to decouple the depend
ency of the operations. A machine or workcenter is often dependent upon the previous operation to provide it with parts to work on. If work ceas at a workcenter, then all subquent centers will shut down for lack of work. If a supply of work-in-process inventory is kept between each
workcenter, then each machine can maintain its operations for a limited time, hopefully until operations resume the original center.
2.4 Lead time
电脑绘画入门教程Lead time is the time that elaps between the placing of an order (either a purcha order or a production order issued to the shop or the factory floor) and actually receiving the goods ordered. If a supplier (an external firm or an internal department or plant) cannot supply the required goods on demand, then the client firm must keep an inventory of the needed goods. The longer the lead time, the larger the quantity of goods the firm must carry in inventory.换转
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A just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing firm, such as Nissan in Smyrna, Tenne, can maintain extremely low levels of inventory. Nissan takes delivery on truck ats as many as 18 times per day. However, steel mills may have a lead time of up to three months. That means that a firm that us steel produced at the mill must place orders at least three months in advance of their need. In order to keep their operations running in the meantime, an on-hand inventory of three months' steel requirements would be necessary.
2.5 Hedge
Inventory can also be ud as a hedge against price increas and inflation. Salesmen routinely call purchasing agents shortly before a price increa goes into effect. This gives the buyer a chance to purcha material, in excess of current need, at a price that is lower than it would be if the buyer waited until after the price increa occurs.
