【慧牧托福阅读】之-句⼦简化题中的因果逻辑
【慧牧】托福阅读吧
薛⽩
难人⼤家好，我是慧牧教育的托福阅读教师⼩⽩⽼师。今天我给⼤家讲解⼀下托福句⼦简化题中的⼀⼤重点逻辑：因果逻辑。因果逻辑是句⼦简化题第⼀⼤逻辑考点，ETS偏爱这种考题是由于表⽰因果的逻辑词很丰富，⽽且因果的⼤逻辑当中⼜可以插⼊其他逻辑混淆考⽣。希望⼤家锻炼出⽕眼⾦睛的能⼒先找出因果⼤关系，然后再排除⼩地雷，题⽬选项迎刃⽽解。
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句⼦简化题中的因果逻辑
⾸先，请⼤家牢记以下表⽰因果的逻辑词包括表⽰因为的becau, since, as, for，表⽰所以的so, therefore, as a result, in conquence, 后⾯加名词的due to, becau of和result from, 后⾯加结果的lead to, result in, cau这些重点逻辑词。还有隐形因果词⽐如explain, account for都是前因后果。题⽬当中遇到这些词⼀定要敏感因果逻辑和谁是因谁是果。如果⼤逻辑是因果，选项是必然体现因果关系不能省略的。
⽐如：Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cau death or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
6. Which of the ntences below best express the esntial information in the highlighted ntence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out esntial information.
○Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cau death or injury.
○Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cau death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.
○If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cau death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
○Although many contemporary peoples believe that the drawing of a human image can cau death or injury, rearchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.
我们会发现这句⾥⾯有明显因果信号词explain why和⼀个cau:
Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image couldcaudeath or injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain whyhuman figures are rarely depicted in cave art.
守株待兔怎么写所以⼤因果关系是原因：the drawing of a human image could cau death or injury; 结果：human figures are rarely depicted in cave art (因为旧⽯器时代⼈们相信画⼈物会导致死亡或者伤害，这可能
会解释为什么岩壁艺术中很少出现⼈物形象）。这个因果关系是主要结构，绝对不能省略。观察选项只有BC保留了这层因果，B中的主语是contemporary people偷换概念，所以应该选C If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cau death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. 体现了主要因果关系。
有时候因果逻辑关系中还会嵌套其他⼩逻辑，⽐如并列或者条件，那么我们的逻辑层次也要是先抓因果，再抓其他。⽐如：
The extreme riousness of dertification results from the vast areas of landandthe tremendous numbers of people affected,as well asfromthe great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
本句⼤因果关系是导致沙漠化的原因，其次才是并列的三个⼩原因：地⽅⼤，⼈多，不可逆转。所以对应的选项为：Dertification is a significant problem becau it is so hard to rever and affects large areas of land. 注意，⼩并列可
以省略⼀个，但是主要因果关系不能省。
下⾯给同学们三个题⽬进⾏练习，有兴趣的同学可以翻译原句，看谁更精准。
Q1 He refud to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purcha only one machine-a projector-from him instead of veral.
Which of the ntences below best express the esntial information in the highlighted ntence from the passage?
Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out esntial information.
○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology bad on only one.
○Edison refud to work on projection technology becau he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.
○Edison did not want to develop projection technology becau it limited the number of machines he could ll.
栎木
基础医学就业前景○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purcha more than one projector from him.
Q2 In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpo, architecture employs methods of support that, becau they are bad on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them----even while building materials have changed dramatically.
Which of the ntences below best express the esntial information in the highlighted ntence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out esntial information.
○Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.
○Building materials have changed in order to increa architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.
怎样去除冰箱异味○When people first started to build, the structural methods ud to provide strength and size were inadequate becau
发展循环经济○When people first started to build, the structural methods ud to provide strength and size were inadequate becau they were not bad on physical laws.
○Unlike building materials, the methods of support ud in architecture have not changed over time becau they are bad on physical laws.
Q3 Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.
心中有界Which of the ntences below best express the esntial information in the highlighted ntence i
n the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out esntial information.
○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.
○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.
○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities becau they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.
○A patchy environment is thought to increa stability becau it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.
无过
关于句⼦简化题中的其他逻辑题讲解将在我的课程中进⾏讲解。
