四种翻译方法南方水灾
1.直译和意译
所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。
每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基）
沂蒙黑山羊
应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。
Litera l transl ation refers to an adequa te repres entat ion of the origin al. When the origin al coinci des or almost tallie s with the Chines e langua ge in the quen ce of vocabu lary,in gramma tical struct ure and rhetor icaldevice, litera l transl ation must be ud.
Free transl ation is also called libera l transl ation, whichdoes not adhere strict ly to the form or word orderof the origin al.（郭著章）
直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。（陈
宏薇）
简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法，或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。（杨莉藜）
Litera l transl ation may be define d as having the follow ing charac teris tics:
1, litera l transl ation takesnten ces as its basicunitsand the wholetext into consid erati on at the same time in the course of transl ating.
2, litera l transl ation strive s to reprod uce both the ideolo gical conten t and styleof the entire litera r
y work and retain as much as possib le the figure s of speech and such main nten ce struct uresor patter ns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formul atedby Randol ph Quirk, one of the author s of the book A Compre hensi ve Gramma r of the Englis h Langua ge.
Free transl ation may be define d as a supple menta ry meansto mainly convey the meanin g and spirit of the origin al withou t trying to reprod uce its nten ce patter ns or figure s of speech. And it is adopte d only when and whereit is really imposs iblefor transl ators to do litera l transl ation. (Liu Zhongd e).
朝气
练习：
1.He walked at the head of the funera l proces sion, and everynow and
then wipedhis crocod ile tearswith a big handke rchie f.
他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢擦一擦他的鳄鱼泪。
2.It‟sanillwindthatblowsnobody good.
对有些人有害的事情可能对另一些人有利。
3.Everydog has his day.
人人皆有得意日。
4.It meanskillin g two birdswith one stone.
这意味着一石二鸟。
这意味着一举两得。
这意味着一箭双雕。
5.你不要班门弄斧。
Don‟tdispla yyouraxeatLuBan‟sdoor.
Don‟tteachyour grandm other to suck eggs.
Neverofferto teacha fish to swim.
6.Nixonwas smilin g and Kissin ger smilin g more broadl y.
尼克松满面春风，基辛格更是笑容可掬。
7.在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株也是
枣树。
Behind the wall of my backya rd you can e two trees: one is a date tree, the otheris also a date tree.
8.油蛉在这里低唱，蟋蟀们在这里弹琴。爱国的现代诗歌
Here fieldcricke ts droned away whilehoucricke ts chirpe d merril y.
9.Thereis a mixtur e of the tigerand the ape in the charac ter of a French
man.
法国人的性格混合有老虎和猿的成分。
高尔基原名
法国人的性格既残暴又狡猾。
虎恶狐狡，兼而有之，这就是法国人的性格。
10.E veryspirit s you take is a nail in your coffin.
你喝的每一杯酒都在缩短你的性命。
你喝的每一杯酒都是你棺材上的一颗钉子。
11.T he firsttime I saw her, half of my life ago, she nearly took my
breath away.
大半生前第一次见到她，她差点儿把我的呼吸带走。夸赞女生的词语
大半生前第一次见到她，我就惊呆了。
12.芦笛岩是桂林最精彩的岩洞。
Reed FluteCave is the most magnif icent of all in Guilin.
13.D on‟tcrossthe bridge till you get to it.
不必担心太早。
不必自寻烦恼。
14.D o you e any greenin my eye?
你以为我是好骗的吗？
15.I want a man who will throwhis hat over the Chindw in and then lead
his troops afterit.
我要的是这样一个人，他决心在亲顿江破釜沉舟，然后率领部队前进。
16.R uth was uptt ing the otherchildr en, so I showed her the door.
鲁斯一直在扰乱别的孩子，我把他撵了出去。
夏天的诗句有哪些
17.T he operat ion may not succee d; it‟sagamble whethe r he livesor
dies.
手术不一定成功，能否保住他的性命，只能一赌。
18.B ut aftersix yearsof a stormy marria ge, Cewe decide d to end it.
六载婚姻生活，风雨交加，赛维决定结束这种婚姻。
19.T he boxes,beingmuum qualit y, wouldhave increa d in worth
over the years,and made people rememb erme“withgrowin g apprec iatio n.”
九只盒子，都足以当作文物收藏在博物馆里，随着岁月流逝，它们的价值还会越来越高，人们也会记住我，“越来越感激”我。20.S mashi ng a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beauti ful, nor is
郑默it a way to make social proble ms evapor ate.
意译：砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。
直译：砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。
21.. He had aboutas much chance of gettin g a job as of beingchon
mayorof Chicag o.
A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多
B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。
