独立主格结构 高中英语语法系列
肉汤圆的做法
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。
一、 非谓语动词独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存有着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之间存有着主谓关系）
= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
He ating himlf at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（ating himlf at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”）
= When he ated himlf at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
因为丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也能够用完成式having been lost）
= Becau the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
A． 不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存有着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
勤学苦练的近义词 1．动词不定式用主动的形式
在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存有着逻辑上的主谓关系。
His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）庐山介绍
——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？
——sorry.So many exeri-books to check,I rially can't afford any time.
对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。
（＝Becau I shall check so many exerci-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.）
The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
（＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of th
e book.）
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上很多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”
毕业的作文
动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Being ill, he went home.
因为生病,他回家了。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）
Seating himlf at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。（= When he had ated himlf at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）
1． 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
每个人都准备好后，老师开始上课。（相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was
ready)
时装秀串词
The chairman began the meeting , everyone being ated.
每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。（相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was ated）
2． 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
冬至杜甫 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。（相当于一个原因状语从句Becau the boy led the way）
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 很多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。（相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him）
必背：
含有being的独立主格结构。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。
= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.
3． 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
时间允许的话，我们下星期将实行一次野炊。（相当于一个条件状语从句If time
permits)
My health allowing, I will work far into the night.
我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。（相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows）
4． 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
学生们快乐地在
学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。（相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）
称呼的拼音 C．-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，假设-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
婴儿抚触的好处 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.
该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。
= As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it.
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
因为工人们的生活条件大大提升，他们工作得更起劲了。
= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
The task completed,he had two months' leave.
任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。（=When the task had been completed,he had two months' leave.）
比较：
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在实行。
