汉英翻译技巧
第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理
一、祈使句对应为祈使句
左丘明简介e.g. 小心轻放。H andle wit h car e.
量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。Fit t he dr ess t o t he figur e and fit t he appetit e t o t he dishes.
宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Bett er be t he head of an ass t han t he t ail of a hor .
二、采用英语的被动结构译出
采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况：一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句；二是有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。
< 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。
Mo r e apartm ent s will be built her e.
利用发电机，可以将机械能转变为电能。
The m echanical ener gy can be changed back int o electrical ener gy by a gener at o r.
在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。
In t he contract, all kinds of conditions which bot h sides should follow wer e laid down in det ail.
没有爱心，就无法了解人生。
Life cannot be under st ood wit hout m uch charity.
三、采用倒装语序
e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。
Hidden under gr ound is a wealt h of gold and silver.
随着一声吼叫，忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。
撕脱性骨折严重吗
Following t he r oar, out r ushed a tiger fr o m am ong t he bushes.
山里住着个老和尚。
In t he m ount ain lived on an old m onk.
四、采用TH ERE BE 结构
例句：没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。
Without facility, t her e would be n o difficulty; wit hout difficulty, t her e would also be n o facility.牛奶斑
剩下的时间不多了。
Ther e is very little t im e left.
萝卜白菜，各有所爱。
十大名牌抽油烟机Ther e is n o account ing for t ast e.
无水则无鱼。
Without wat er t her e would be n o fish.
楼下有人想和你说话。
Ther e is a m an downst air s who want s t o speak t o you. \y ou ar e want ed downst air s.
五、采用IT 作主语译出
例句：要解决问题，还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工作。
In or der t o solve the pr oblem it is necessary t o m ake a syst em atic and tho r ough investigat ion and st udy.
与自然作斗争，倍感快乐。
It is a gr eat joy t o battle against nat ur e.
活到老学到老。
It is never t oo old t o learn.
子曰：学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？
Confucius said, is it not a pleasur e aft er all t o pr actice in due t im e what one has lear nt? Is it no t a delight aft er all t o have friends com e fr o m afar?
六、增添适当的代词或名词充当主语
例句：知彼知己，百战不殆。
If you know your enemy and your lf, you can fight a hundr ed battles wit hout peril.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
If one does n ot enter t he t iger’s den, how can he get a t iger’s cub.
六、因文制宜，区别对待
例句：未经审批机关批准，合同中不得规定禁止接受方在合同期满后继续使用技术的条款。Unless appr oval has been obt ained fr o m t he examining and appr oving or gan, a contr act shall not include pr ovisions pr ohibiting t he r ecipient fr o m cont inuing t o u t he t echnology aft er t he expiry of t he contract t erm.
由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一，这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更为广泛了。The u of English in int ernational diplo m acy is str engt hened by it s accept ance as one of t he official languages of t he U.N.
说明白了一切，就再无奥妙可言了。
It will leave not hing in obscur ity; everyt hing is en.
Exer cis:
1.要适可而止，否则就要完蛋。
2.不远处传来了提琴的声音，调子哀伤。
3.在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，坐着一位将近30岁的男子。
4.他的书桌上放着带有细菌的小碟子。
5.总之，是两点而不是一点。
6.花瓶里没有水了。
7.要
8.很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手，刚从事写作。
9.不怕一万，就怕万一。
10.还看不出来他能挑得起这副担子。
11.去年
12.必须认真做好建厂前的准备工作。
13.应该教导儿童讲实话。
14.必须保证8小时的睡眠。
15.发现了错误，一定要改正。
第二节、汉语“是”字句的英译处理
乳酸菌发酵一、表示“等同”
例句：他最佩服的就是你。
Of all t he people, y ou ar e t he one he adm ires m ost.
二、表示“类属”
例句：这台机器是进口的。
外面又下雨了
The m achine was im po rt ed fr o m abr oad.
他是来找你的。
H e is her e t o e you.
三、表示“事物状态”
例句：要是旧社会，遇上这样大的水灾，早已是哀鸿遍野了。
If a flood of such m agnit ude had hit t he land in t he old days, t he str icken ar ea would have been a scene of desolation and despair.
你现在是身不由己，只能听他的。
You have t o list en t o him whet her you like it or no t.
四、表示“存在”
例句：她满脸是泪，默不作声。
She was soundless and her cheeks wer e bat hed in t ear s.
别看他长得胖，其实浑身是病。
Despit e his st out build, he suffer s fr o m all sort s of dias.
五、在两个类似结构中表示“区别”，转换为英语相对的对比结构。
例句：他是他，我是我，我们谁也管不着谁。
We have our own wills, he and I, neit her is t he ot her’s m ast er.
昨天是昨天，今天是今天，情况是不断变化的。
Event s ar e m oving very fast; what was tr ue yest er day m ay no t be so t oday. 这个人言行不一，说是说，做是做。
This m an’s deeds do n ot m at ch his wor ds; he never pr act ices what he pr eaches.
敌是敌，友是友，必须分清界限。
A friend is a fr iend, a foe is a foe; one m us t be clear ly distinguished fr o m the ot her.
六、表示“让步”，用适当的副词或者让步句型来体现。
例句：书是好书，可惜贵了点。
It is tr ue t hat t his is a good book, but it’s a bit t oo expensive.
他的本意是好的，只是措辞不当。
H e m eant well, but he didn’t put acr oss his ideas pr operly.
你就是有天大的本事，恐怕也施展不开。
H owever capable you ar e, you pr obably can do n ot hing in t his cir cum s t ance.
这房子老是老，但离商店近，采购方便。
Indeed, t he hou is old, but as it is clo t o t he st o r es, it is convenient fo r shopping.
六、表示“强调”，一般转换为强调句式
例句：是谁教你这样做的？
Who t old you t o do so?
是这位解放军战士救了你。
It was t his PLA m an who saved y ou.
我写的信是给她的，不是你。
It was t o her t hat I wr o te a lett er, not t o you.
七、表示“凡是”，由英语习惯句型决定。
例句：是人都会犯错误。
Every m an is liable t o err o r. / N o one is fr ee fr o m err o r.
是孩子他都喜欢。
H e loves all childr en.
正如一句话所说，是亲三分像。
As an old saying goes, bl ood is t hicker t han wat er.
荷叶的特点是重活他都抢着干。
Whenever t her e is a t ough job, he is always t he fir s t t o do it.
八、表示“恰当”
例句：屋里的家具放得都不是地方。
The furnitur e in t he r oom is arranged exactly wher e it should not be.
你来得正是时候。
You have com e just in t he nick of t ime. / Y ou can’t have com e at a bett e r com e.
她穿的裙子很是漂亮。
The dr ess look s very beaut iful on her.
九、表示“选择”或“疑问”
例句：你是看电视还是听音乐？
他不是出国了么？
十、表示“确认”，有强调的意思，一般通过助动词、副词或短语来体现。
例句：她爸爸是不同意她和汤姆来往的。
H er fat her does disappr ove of her having anyt hing t o do wit h TOM.
这件事他是不知道。
H e cert ainly doesn’t know t his.
这孩子是可爱。
The child is lovely indeed.
我不是不懂，只是不想说。
It is not t hat I didn’t under s t and, but t hat I didn’t want t o say anything. 十一、表示“特征”，一般直译。
例句：马克思主义的基本原理是普遍适用的。
The fundam ent al t enet s of Mar xis m ar e univer sally applicable.
本领高强的人，往往是谦虚好学的。
Men of capability ar e oft en m odest and show a desir e t o learn.
作战时他总是身先士卒，故能所向披靡。
H e was always at t he head of his m en in battle, and so his army was invincible.
练习题
1、我们是坐船去武汉的。
2、玩弄她的感情是卑鄙的。
3、这个故事好是好，就是长了点。
4、这场火灾是他们不小心而引起的。美食英语
5、满屋都是烟，连他衣服上都是烟味。
6、他开办这家工厂完全是白手起家的。
7、这本书我是有的，可是我一下找不到。
8、这原来是破旧、窄小的一条旧街。
9、这人真讨厌，总是死皮赖脸的缠着人家。
10、既然要搞掉他，罗织罪名还不是易如反掌。
11、今天开这个会啊，是想听听各方面的意见。
12、不管怎么样，我是决意要完成这项任务的。
Keys:
1.We went t o wuhan by chart e r ed boat.
2.It was m ean of him t o play wit h her/affections.
3.It is a good st o ry all r ight, but a bit t oo long.
4.The fir e r esult ed fr o m t heir car elessness.
5.Sm oke filled t he r oom; even his clot hes sm elled of sm oke.
6.H e built up his fact o ry lit er ally fr o m no t hing.
7.I have t he book som ewher e but I canno t lay my hands on it now.
8.This place was or iginally a narr ow, shabby str eet.
9.The m an is quit e a nuisance; he k eeps pest ering/bot her ing
ot her s/m e sham elessly.
10.Now t hat t hey have decided t o get rid of him, char ges can
easily be fr am ed.
11.Look！We ar e holding t his m eet ing t oday t o m ake sur e t hat
differ ent opinions ar e put for ward fr eely.
12.I m ean t o accom plish t he t ask, com e what m ay happen.
汉语习语的英译处理
习语是人们在语言发展过程中，经过长期的社会实践提炼出来的短语或者短句，是语言的精华。
从广义上讲，汉语习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语等。具体特点表现在：1、习语本身是修辞手段的集中体现，如谐音等来增加美感，如“嘴上没毛，办事不牢”，“吃得苦，
