非谓语动词：不定式、动名词、分词
非谓语动词
非谓语动词具有动词部分的词性，可以有自身的宾语，可以用副词修饰。包含了不定式、动名词、分词等。
不定式
不定式是指"to+原形动词。能当主语或宾语，相当于名词；能修饰名词，相当于形容词；能修饰动词，相当于副词。由于功能多样，叫做不定式。
不定式的名词用法
主语：To know onelf is difficult.(了解自己） 宾语：I want to read this book. 补语：My only hope is to continue my study.
名词短语
疑问词加to不定式，用来当宾语或主语的情形叫名词短语。He is learning how to swin. I don't know what to do. I don't know where to go.
to不定式的形容词功能１
修饰名词 I have no friend to advi me.(修饰friend) There are many sights to e here.(修饰sights)
to不定式的形容词功能—做be动词的补语（be to用法）
be to用法表示：预定（将要We are to arrive there at five;义务（必须You are to finish it by six;意图（如果想...If you are to succeed,you must work hard;可能（能够No one was to be en on the street;注定（...的命运He was never to e his home again.
to不定式的副词功能—表示目的两个一百年目标
表达"为了..."的意思He came to e me. 想要强调"目的"，可以使用In order to代替to不定式：I get up early in order to be in time for the first train.
to不定式的副词功能—表示结果
１无意识动词（live,grow,awake)后面接to不定式表示结果One fine morning he awoke to find himlf famous.2动词＋only/never+to不定式表示结果：He worked hard only to fail.他尽力了却还是失败了。
领队证to不定式的副词功能—表示原因
表示原因时，意思是"让某人..."。I was surprid to e Tim at home.让我很惊讶。I am very glad to e you.让我很高兴。
to不定式的副词功能—理由或判断的依据
关于党的小故事意思是"看来...，竟然...，在must be/cann't be/疑问句／感叹句之后的不定式，多数用来表示理由或判断的依据：He must be foolish to say something like that-推测。How foolish I was to trust her-感叹。
新华美育
to不定式的副词功能－条件
表示条件时，意思是"如果...，此时的含义和虚拟语气是一样的。I would be happy to go with you=I should be happy if I could go with you(虚拟语气）。
to不定式的副词功能－修饰形容词、副词人才评估
学习是为了什么English is hard to learn—修饰形容词hard;He is not old enough to go to school—修饰副词enough.
不定式的逻辑主语的形式
for+(to不定式的）逻辑主语＋to不定式：It is impossible for you to solve the question. Of+逻辑主语＋to不定式—表达个性／特色的形容词（careful/good/foolish/rude)后面接of+宾格，做逻辑主语：It is kind of you to say so.
不定式逻辑主语的省略形式
１当逻辑主语与句子主语一致时：I expect to succeed=I expect that I will succeed.2当逻辑主语与句子宾语一致时：I expect you to succeed=I expext that you will succeed.３逻辑主语为一般人It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
原形不定式（不带to的不定式）—感官动词
感官动词指感觉器官（眼、鼻、耳、口）得到认知的动词，通常用原形不定式或现在分词充当宾语的补语。感官动词（e,hear,watch)+宾语+原形不定式/现在分词：I have heard him sing.我听见他在唱歌。
原形不定式—使役动词
使役动词（只有：make,have,let)+宾语+原形不定式：What makes you think so?think为原形不定式，"你为什么这样想"
原形不定式—习惯用法
广场舞音乐Had better/best+原形不定式：最好...You had better consult the doctor. Do nothing but+原形不定式：只是...She did nothing but cry. Cannot but+原形不定式：忍不住...I can't but laugh.
To不定式的习惯用法
：太...以至于无法...He is too young to understand it=He is so young that he cannot understand it. ：足够...He is rich enough to buy a new car=He is so rich that he can buy a new car.
动名词
短柄斧1动名词就是能够扮演动词和名词的角色，是动词+名词的混合体，形态是"原形动词+ing.动名词担任名词角色，当主语、宾语、补语，因有动词性质，也会被副词（短语）修饰。
动名词的名词用法
主语：Getting up early in the morning is good for health.及物动词的宾语：She likes playing the piano.介词的宾语：She went out without saying a word.补语：The great pleasure is writing detective stories.
动名词的逻辑主语
由于动名词拥有动词性质，因此也有发出动作的主体。动名词的逻辑主语用所有格表示。I
don't like my sister's going to such a place.有时用宾格代替所有格：I don't like him going to such a place.动名词当主语时，逻辑主语一定要用所有格My loving him has changed my life.
动名词逻辑主语的省略
当动名词的逻辑主语为一般人或与句子的主语一致时，可以省略不用。Smoking is harmful to (people's) health. He doesn't like (his) going there.
动名词的习惯用法1
There is no V-ing:无法做到There is no accouting for tastes.无法说清楚的） It is no u/good V-ing:没有用的It is no u crying over spilt milk. Cannot help V-ing:忍不住I couldn't help laughing at the funny sight.
动名词的习惯用法2
Of one's own V-ing:亲自This is the tree of my own planting/ On V-ing=as soon as V-ing:一.
..就...On hearing this I changed my plans/ It goes without ：不用说It goes without saying that he will help us.
动名词的习惯用法3
be worth V-ing:值得This book is worth reading/ feel like V-ing:想要...I felt like crying to hear the news.
需要动名词当宾语的动词
mind,enjoy,avoid,deny,escape,resist,finish,practi,postpone,stop,repent,consider,appreciate等。Would you mind helping me with this? We enjoyed having you for dinner.
需要to不定式当宾语的动词
通常指未来或希望的意思的动词wish,hope,expect,plan,want,intend,refu,decide,mean,care,choo,agree,pretend等。He wishes to come with us. We hope to leave fefore dawn.
to不定式和动名词都可作宾语的动词-remember
remeber+to不定式：记得要去做某事（事实上还没做）I remember to e her.我记得要和她见面的事。remember+动名词：记得曾经做过某事 I remember eing her.我记得曾见过她。
to不定式和动名词都可作宾语的动词-try
Try+to不定式:试试看，做做看（还没有做）I tried to grow potatoes in this area.我试着在这里种土豆。Try+动名词：努力地做I tried growing potatoes in this area.我努力地在这里种土豆。
to不定式和动名词都可作宾语的动词-regret
regret+to不定式：很遗憾地做某事 I regret to tell you that you failed the test. regret+动名词：对过去曾发生过的事感到遗憾或后悔 I regret lending him some money.我后悔把钱借给了他。
