英美概况部分大题及名词解释（个人整理）
Terms (American Part)
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The legislative branch
The Congress, known as the legislative branch, is the law-making body of the United States. The U. S. Congress includes two chambers: the Senate and the Hou of Reprentatives.
The Boston Tea Party
The East India Company, a vital source of British wealth, was allowed to export tea to the colonies without paying any import duty. Thus the company could easily underll the independent tea merchants who had to pay import duties, which caud colonial tea merchants’opposition. They declared “no taxation without reprentation”. On the night of December 16, 1773, a band of men, disguid as Indians and led by Samual Adams, boarded three British ships lying at an anchor in Boston harbor and dumped the tea cargo.
This late。r became known as “Boston Tea Party”, which finally led to the outbreak of the American Independence War.
The first continental congress
After the incident of the Boston Tea party, relations between England and colonies continued to deteriorate. In the face of such a grave situation ,colonial delegates from 12 colonies (Georgia did not nd its delegates) met in Philadelphia on September 5 ,1774, “to consult upon the prent unhappy state of the colonies ”. This meeting has been known as the First Continental Congress. After heated debate and repeated compromi, the First Continental Congress drew up a formal document known as Declaration of Rights and Grievances.
The Emancipation Proclamation
手工鱼丸The changed military situation prompted Lincoln to take his decisive step. He had been considering the advisability of liberating the black slaves in the South. After the Federal tr
oops won big victories, Lincoln believed the time had come and on September 22, 1862, he issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1, 1863. It provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the union. As a result, abolition of slavery became an objective of the war in addition to the declared objective of saving the Union.王立群读史记
The Cabinet in the United State
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The cabinet is a nucleus of leadership under the President in the administrative branch. It is made up of heads of the major departments and other persons chon by the President. They advi the President on important problems concerning the administration of national affairs.
A sheriff
Sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of a county. His duties, limited to areas outside
cities in the county, include collecting taxes, enforcing orders, maintaining the jail, rving legal papers, and patrolling on country highways. Most sheriffs are elected by local voters. They are usually paid through fees for each job performed rather than on a regular salary basis.
Terms (The Britain Part)
The Hundred Years’ Wars
It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The caus were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refud to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their posssions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.
The Black Death
Black Death swept through England in the summer of 1348. It killed between 1/2 and 1/3
of the population of England.
As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.
Villeins struggled for freedom, but the parliament pasd “statutes of laborers”, which provided ideological preparation for the labor movement.
The War of the ros
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1. Rival groups:
the Hou of Lancaster & the Hou of York
2. The name of the war:
The Lancastrians wore the badge of the red ro and the Yorkists wore the badge of the white ro, so the war got such a name.
海洋之歌主题曲3. Nature of the war:
黄芪和什么搭配最好Feudal civil war, for power and wealth, for the posssion of the Crown
4. Reason:
In the Hundred Years’War, the loss was great. So the war-like nobles wanted to recoup for the loss, thus they all wanted to get power. The English nobles began to be divided and began to support different groups, in such a situation, the war broke out. At that time, the Hou of Lancaster was in power and Henry VI(1422-1461) was the king and the Hou of York wanted to displace the Hou of Lancaster.
5. Result:
The Yorkist got complete victory, but a third Hou, the Hou of Tudor got the power. Henry VII became the king. So a new important Dynasty began in English history.
6. Conquence
Although the Wars of the Ros were waged intermittently for 30 years, ordinary people
were little affected. From the wars feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened and discredited. The king’s power now became supreme. This war shook off much of the feudal burden, so it paved way for the development of capitalism.
河南景区Elizabeth I
One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.
