羡慕反义词33 Computers and Chemical Engineering酸溜土豆丝
Computers and computing do not have such a long history as chemical engineering, nor even as long as Institution of Chemical Engineers, but they have been with us for the whole of the institution’s life as a Chartered body.清蒸甲鱼怎么做
We are thus long past the era of the pioneers who fought for acceptance of the new techniques and new attitudes that computers brought to chemical engineering. Most chemical engineers nowadays would regard computing as part of their way of life, and the software hous and computer bureaux offer a whole range of packages for every kind of design calculation. The engineering draughtsman has virtually disappeared and been replaced by engineers using their own computer graphics displays, and even the process operator now sits at a computer console watching a similar display.
The days the worries are the other way round. Many fear that we are breeding a generation of engineering designers so ud to treating computer packages as black boxes which produce infallible answers that they have lost-or indeed never acquired-the intuitive f
eel for approximations and orders of magnitude that ud to act as a constant check on design calculations. Worst still, the new designers are quite unfamiliar with the design methods embodied in the packages, and are totally dependent on the computer-if the computer failed they would be incapable of carrying out the calculations themlves. In the universities the students are ready to fly to the computer for the least calculation, design projects too easily turn into an orgy of computer programming, and computing becomes a substitute for thinking about the engineering.
冰箱可以放倒运输吗So it is that a few chemical engineering educators are eking to stop the juggernaut—or at least slow it down a little. Some of the have been right at the forefront of developing computer techniques to solve chemical engineering problems, and have become disillusioned about the systematic u of a steam-hammer to crack even the smallest nut. They have been looking afresh at the old short-cut design methods, and developing new simple intuitive methods of their own, and their work has been given and added impetus by the sudden mushrooming of cheap desktop computers with limited speed and storage. It is true that they have also been motivated by the desire to make design a respectable s
开快餐店ubject for study in American universities, but their efforts have succeeded in directing attention away from the development of computing techniques and refocusing on the physics and chemistry underlying the design.
心如火焚
Thanks largely to the influence of the Institution, the respectability of design has never been an issue in British universities. And certainly the Institution cannot be accud of an overemphasis on computing at the expen of chemical engineering. It has no Subject Group devoted to computing (nor to design for that matter), and that means that computing has no place in the Jubilee Symposium proper, but is safely gregated in the ssions of the Annual Rearch Meeting—for which the Department of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College must take the responsibility!
So it ems we still regard the development of computer techniques and computer aids for design as an area for specialists, outside the main stream of chemical engineering, and something the average chemical engineer can safely ignore. And specialists of cour become specialized! As design systems become more integrated and packages b超清头像
ecome more ambitious, the writers of them must become more concerned with software technology-data-bas, compilers and operating systems—and also with numerical techniques, for simple intuitive methods are no longer adequate for large-scale problems, and technicalities like the accumulation of rounding errors become important. Of cour we need such experti-but we cannot entrust the development of design methods entirely to tho immerd in computer technology. There must be real collaboration between them and the chemical engineers who everyday work is the design of real process-and collaboration requires common understanding. Just as the racing driver does not need to be an expert in the design of internal combustion engines, but must have a clear understanding of the characteristics of engines and of transmission systems, so the software ur must understand the possibilities and limitations facing the software designer.
If there is indeed a risk of producing process designers who do not understand the design techniques embodied in the packages they u, it will not be becau of their lack of knowledge of chemical engineering, but becau they never came to terms with computin
g and mathematics-and if we let the gulf develop, will it be the package urs or the package writers that the Institution will recognize as satisfying the design requirements for corporate membership?
青春期牙龈炎It is of cour a ductive thought that all this mathematics and computing is really just pretentious over-sophistication, and that all one needs for good design is a clear uncluttered mind, a few well-chon rules of thumb, and a little experience. But we all know that real process are not that simple, and that if we are to get the best out of our designs we need something more than a zeroth approximation.
