1. 词汇:(一分一个)
Decentralized System VRV
Air distribution system Spatial requirement母校回忆精美句子
Life-cycle analysis HVAC system
All air system Secondary system
Load calculation Terminal device
Thermal comfort Building rvice
First cost Pressure transmitter
System commissioning Air handling unit
Return air Dry-bulb temperature
Relative humidity Vertical shaft
高层建筑 保温材料
快乐体育换热器 内区
水源热泵 负荷计算
流体输配管网 能源
通风 供热
2. 翻译:
A. (20分)
Photovoltaic (PV) technology is the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity using miconductor devices called solar cells. Photovoltaic are almost maintenance-free and em to have a long lifespan. Given the longevity, no pollution, simplicity, and minimal resources, this technology is highly sustainable, and the proper financing mechanisms can make this system economically justifiable.
Airport facilities can be considered good candidates for PV technology for the following reasons:
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• Large, low-ri buildings with available roof for PV collectors
• Little or no shading
• Large open area (open areas, parking
The most common technology in u today is single-crystal PV and thin-film PV. Thin films promi lower cost per unit area, but also have lower efficiency and produce less electricity per unit area compared to single-crystal PVs. Typical values for dc electrical power generation are around 0.56 W/m2 for thin film and up to 1.4 W/m2 for single-crystal PV. PV panels produce direct current, not the alternating current ud to power most building equipment. Direct current is easily stored in batteries; an inverter is required to transform the direct current to alternating current. The costs of an inverter and of reliable batteries to store electricity increa the overall cost of a system, which is
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usually $5 to $7/W.
B. (30分)
Airports, crui terminals, and bus terminals operate on a 24 h basis, with a reduced schedule during late night and early morning hours. To better understand the load characteristics of the facilities, computer-bad building energy modeling and simulation tools should be ud; this chapter provides basic information and references for energy modeling. Given the dynamic nature of transportation facilities, well-supported assumptions of occupancy schedules should be established during the analysis process.
Heating and cooling is generally centralized or provided for each building or group in a complex. In large, open-circulation areas of Commercial and Public Buildings transportation centers, any all-air system with zone control can be ud. Where ceilings are high, air distribution is often along the side wall to concentrate air conditioning where desired and avoid disturbing stratified air. Perimeter areas may require heating by radiation, a fan-coil system, or hot air blown up from the sill or floor grilles, particularly in c
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older climates. Hydronic perimeter radiant ceiling panels may be especially suited to the high-load areas.电脑显示未安装音频设备怎么办
Becau of difficulties in controlling the air balance and becau of the many outdoor openings, high ceilings, and long, low passageways (which often are not air conditioned), the terminal building (usually air conditioned) should be designed to maintain a substantial positive pressure. Zoning is generally required in pasnger waiting areas, in departure lounges, and at ticket counters to take care of the widely variable occupancy loads. Main entrances may have vestibules and windbreaker partitions to minimize undesirable air currents in the building. Hangars must be heated in cold weather, and ventilation may be required to eliminate possible fumes (although fueling is ldom permitted in hangars). Gas-fired, electric, and low- and high-intensity radiant heaters are ud extensively in hangars becau they provide comfort for employees at relatively low operating costs.
3: 选择题 （12分）
1. Heat which caus a change in temperature of a substance is called:
a. latent heat.
b. nsible heat.
c. superheat.
d. regular heat.
2. What is heat, which caus a change in the state of a material without a change in temperature, called?
a. Latent heat
赋的读音 b. Sensible heat
c. Superheat
d. Regular heat
3. What is the major difference between a heat pump and an air conditioner?
a. Condenr
b. Thermostatic expansion valve
理解万岁 c. Evaporator
d. Reversing valve
4. An oversized heating and cooling system can cau which of the following?
a. Operating cost and relative humidity in the structure will decrea significantly.
b. Moisture damage to a furnace heat exchanger and inadequate humidity removal during cooling cycles.
