M3U1 Nature in the balance II ●课前导入-课文语法填空 根据P2-3教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the __1__（large） rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays an important part __2__ maintaining the balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. The Amazon River, from __3__ the rainforest gets its name, supports many different ecosystems, __4__（give） this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth. From the tall and ancient Brazil nut trees to the water lilies, the forest’s different levels provide food and shelter for __5__ great variety of wildlife. The Amazon rainforest is also home to more than 1, 300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals. For example, the jaguar, clo to extinction in other areas, can __6__（find） here. __7__（know） as the “lungs of the planet”, the Amazon rainforest __8__（breathe） life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. __9__, 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human __10__（activity） such as agriculture and cattle farming. 【答案】1. largest 2. in 3. which 4. giving 5. a 6. be found 7. Known 8. breathes 9. However 10. activities ●课中讲解 I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1．apply vt. 应用；涂抹 vi. 申请→application n. 应用，运用；申请→applicant n. 申请人 2．organize vt. 组织，筹备；安排→organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 3．defend vt. & vi. 保护，防御 vt. 辩解→defence n. 辩解；防御，保护→defensive adj. 防御的，保护的 4．economy n. 经济；节约，节俭→economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj. 经济的，实惠的；节俭的→economist n. 经济学家 5．official n. 官员，要员 adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的→officially adv. 官方地，正式地 6．poison n. 毒死，毒害 n. 毒药，毒物→poisonous adj. 有毒的 7．concern vt. 影响；涉及；让（某人）担忧 n. 担心，忧虑；关心；（对人、组织等）重要的事情→concerned adj. 忧虑的，关心的；关切的，关注的→concerning prep. 关于…… 8．profit vi. 获益；对……有用（或有益） n. 利润，利益；好处→profitable adj. 盈利的；有好处的 II. 根据提示补全下列短语 1. come up with 想出，提出（=put forward） 2. call for （公开）要求，需要 call on 呼吁，号召 3. make every effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事（=spare no effort to do sth.） 4. sign up (for sth.) 报名（参加活动、比赛等） 5. far from ... 远离……；远非…… 6. at risk 有风险；冒风险 7. get rid of ... 摆脱…… 8. protest against ... 反对…… 9. make a profit/ make profits 获利 10. in defence of ... 为……作解释/辩护 11. be concerned about ... 关心……；为……担忧 12. draw one’s attention to ... 使某人注意到…… 13. on the ri 在增加，在上涨 14. lift sb. out of poverty 使某人摆脱贫困 15. advance economic growth 促进经济增长 16. aim for ... 力求达到，力争做到 17. even though/if 尽管，即使 III. 重点知识点解析 come up with ... 想出，提出……（-put forward） (教材P6) All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve the problems. 他们都针对如何解决这些问题想出了创造性的点子。 【用法详解】come up with意为“想出，提出（计划、想法等）”，为及物动词短语，主语为人，后接名词或代词作宾语，相当于put forward。如： Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own. 有几位成员提出了自己的建议。 No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so. 对于为什么应该是这样，还没有人想出最终确定的答案。 注意 come up意为“被想出，被提及”，为不及物动词短语，不用被动，其主语通常为物，即所提出的内容。如： The subject came up during a pre-dinner drink with our guests. 在与客人喝餐前酒的时候，有人提到了这个话题。 【归纳拓展】短语总结 (1) come的其他短语： n. + to come 将来；未来的 when it comes to sth./to doing sth. 当涉及某事（或做某事）时 come across sb./sth. [无被动]（偶然）遇见，碰见，发现 come around/round或come to 恢复知觉；苏醒 come by vi.（为看望某人）作短暂拜访 vt. 设法得到（或获得） come down with ... 染上，得（病） come down on ... 责备，训斥 come down to business开始认真工作；言归正传 come in vi. 变时髦；时兴；流行 come on vi. 登台，上场；改进，改善；快点儿，加把劲；（表示知道某人所说的话不正确）得了吧 come out vi. 出版，发行，发表；显示出来 如：They may well regret the decision in years to come. 他们很可能会在以后的年月里为这个决定而后悔。关于武汉的诗句 When it comes to getting things done, he’s uless. 一涉及做事，他便不中用了。 I think I’m coming down with flu. 我想我得了流感。 Your mother hasn’t yet come round from the anaesthetic. 你的母亲麻醉后还没有苏醒过来。 She came by the hou. 她来住所看了一下。| Jobs are hard to come by the days. 如今找工作很难。 Long hair for men came in in the sixties. 男子留长发在60年代流行开来。 Her best qualities come out in a crisis. 她的优秀品质在危机时显示了出来。 (2) “动词 + up with”型的其他短语：
application n. [C, U] 申请，请求，申请书/表；[U] 应用，运用；[C] 应用软件/程序（缩写为app） (教材P6) Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 一些人要求使用现代科技，而其他人则要求改变生活方式。 【用法详解】application to sb. + for sth./to do sth. 申请 application of sth. to sth. 应用，运用，执行，实施 如：an application form 申请表 His application to the court for bail has been refud. 他向法庭申请保释遭到拒绝。 the application of new technology to teaching 新技术在教学上的应用 strict application of the law 法律的严格执行 【归纳拓展】词性转换： (1) apply vi. 申请 vt. 使用，应用；涂抹 常见搭配 apply (to sb.) for sth. （向某人）申请…… apply ... to ... 将……应用于……；涂抹 apply to ... 适用于某人/某物；对……有效 如：The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。 The convention does not apply to us. 这条惯例对我们不适用。 I am continuing to apply for jobs. 我正在继续找工作。 (2) applicant n. [C] 申请者 (3) appliance n. [C]（家用）电器，器具 常见搭配 electrical/houhold appliances 电器/家用器具 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 Apply the cream sparingly to your face and neck. 把乳霜薄薄地抹在脸和脖子上。 There were over 500 applicants(apply) for the job. get rid of 摆脱，丢弃 (教材P11) The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。 【用法详解】get rid of ... 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 be rid of ... 摆脱…… rid onelf of ... 摆脱……，从……中解脱 如：She wanted to get rid of her parents and their authority. 她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。 I was glad to be rid of the car when I finally sold it. 把车卖掉时，我很庆幸终于脱手了。 【即时巩固】单句语法填空、翻译句子 He wanted to rid himlf of the burden of the cret. 翻译句子：我这头疼老也不好。 I can't get rid of this headache. 黑板报版面设计图 profit n. [C, U] 利润，盈利（↔[反] loss） vt. & vi. 获益，对……有用（或有益） (教材P11) People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible business eager to make huge profits. 人们往往将工厂与黑烟滚滚的照片和急于牟取暴利的不负责任的商人联系起来。 【用法详解】make a profit =make profits 获利 profit from/by ... 从……中受益（-benefit from ...）；靠……获利 profit sb. =benefit sb. 使受益 如：The company made a healthy profit on the deal. 公司在这笔生意中获利颇丰。 The agency is voluntary and not run for profit/ run on a non-profit basis. 这个机构是义务性的，不是为了赢利。 We tried to profit by/from our mistakes (=learn from them). 我们努力从错误中吸取教训。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： (1) profitable adj. 获利的；有益的 常见搭配 be profitable for ... =be beneficial to ... 对……有益 (2) non-profit adj. 非营利的，不以营利为目的的 【即时巩固】翻译句子 当地的许多人认为，这项开发将对他们有利。 Many local people believe the development will profit them. defence n. [U] 防御，保护，保卫；[C, U] 防御物，防务；[C] 辩解，辩白；辩词 (教材P11) In defence of factories, however, I’d like to point out that they also try to control the amount of pollution they produce. 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是它们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 【用法详解】in defence of sb. =in sb’s defence 为某人辩护 in defence 保卫，守卫 in defence of ... 为保卫/守卫…… 如：soldiers who died in defence of their country为保卫祖国而献身的战士 What points can be raid in defence of this argument? 有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？ I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。 Humour is a more effective defence than violence. 邻里和谐幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： (1) defend vt. & vi. 防御，保护 vt. 辩解，辩白 常见搭配 defend sb./onelf/sth. (from/against sb./sth.) 保护……免受侵害；针对……为某人/某物辩解 如：All our officers are trained to defend themlves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 Politicians are skilled at defending themlves against their critics. 从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。 (2) defensive adj. 防御的，保护的，保卫的；戒备的，怀有戒心的 【即时巩固】单句语法填空 Don't ask him about his plans─he just gets defensive(defend). It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack. 1. (教材P8) As the human population continues to grow, so does the effort we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 【句式剖析】句中的as引导时间状语从句，“so does the effort we have on animals”为“so+倒装”结构。 【考点提炼】“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+另一主语”结构 该结构为肯定形式，表示前一句中主语的肯定情况也适用于后者，在时态上和前一句保持一致，但两句的主语是不同的两人，意为“某人/某物也是如此”。如： ①—He is a Chine. —So am I. 我也是。 ②—Tom can dance. —So can Mary. 玛丽也能。 ③—My mother will go to Beijing. —So will I. 我也是。 ④—I have been to America. —So has Li Lei. 李雷也去过。 ⑤—She likes English. —So do they. 他们也喜欢（英语）。 ⑥Lily played basket yesterday and so did Lucy. 露西也是。 注意 (1)Lily played basket yesterday and so did Lucy. vs Lily played basket yesterday, as did Lucy. (2)so前面的句子都是肯定句。若前面的句子是否定句，则应用“neither/nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语”结构，表示前一句中主语的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“某人/某物也不这样”。如： She didn’t turn up at the meeting. Neither/Nor did he. (3)“so+同一主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词”（同人不倒）意为“确实，……的确如此”，表示对前面话的内容加以确认或强调。如： ①—It’s a bad day today. —So it is. ②—John studies English well. —So he does. √小试身手（1）-完成句子 1. 你有帮助他摆脱这个坏习惯的有效方法吗？（rid） Do you have any effective ways to help him ___________________ such a bad habit？ 2. 为了获得未来职业的必要经验，你在大学期间应该积极参加社会活动。（take part in） To gain necessary experience for your future career, you should ___________________ social activities in college. 3. 刚刚站在门前的是两个小男孩。（全部倒装结构） ___________________ two little boys just now. 4. 即使你不能理解书上讲的所有内容也不要担心。（even） Don’t worry ___________________ you can’t understand anything in the book. 5. 医生们彻夜工作以拯救伤者们的生命。（动词不定式作目的状语） Doctors worked through the night ___________________. 6. 学生们经常讨论如何提高英语水平。（疑问词＋动词不定式） Students often discuss ___________________. 【答案】1. get rid of 2. take an active part in 3. Standing before/in front of the door were 4. even though/if 5. to save the lives of the injured 6. how to improve their English IV. 单元重点语法—省略 在英语中，为了使语言简洁、紧凑、重点突出，常常省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。 一、词法上的省略—不定式结构中的省略 在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或补足语的不定式再次出现时，不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。此类省略常用于动词refu, would like/love, wish, want, hope, expect, intend, plan等以及形容词afraid, happy, glade, willing, ready等之后。如： —Aren’t your uncle’s family going to Australia for holiday this summer? — No, they finally decided not to. —Will you join us in the game? —I’d be glad to. 感官动词（词组）e, look at, hear, listen to, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等后面做宾补的动词不定式要省略to，但在此类动词（词组）的被动语态中，to不可省略（主动省略to，被动还原to）。如： They made the boy go to bed early. The boy was en to enter the cinema. 如果承前省略的不定式中含有be, have, have been时，不定式符号to后要保留be或have或have been。如： —Are you a farmer? —No, but I ud to be. —He hasn’t finished yet? —Well, he ought to have. 前有“do”，后无“to”。如： What I want to do now is to study hard. 二、句法上的省略 1. 简单句中的省略 2. 并列句中的省略（相同的部分就可以省）。如：
3. 状语从句的省略 在表示时间、地点、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句主语为it，且从句中谓语动词含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be（主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜），留下“连词+表语（形容词/分词/不定式/名词/介词短语）”的形式。如： Although (he is) against my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. We all know that, if (the situation was) not carefully dealt with, the situation will get wor. I am taller than he (is)./ He got up early as (it was) usual. While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
■ 补充：定语从句的省略 在定语从句中，关系代词做主语（“主语同”），且当定语从句是进行时态be doing或被动语态be done（“谓语be”）时，可直接省略关系代词+be动词。如： 转换为非谓语做后置定语 The man (who was) sitting next to me is my brother. The goods (which were) ordered last week have not arrived yet. 先行词是way（在从句中和介词连用作状语），time（作“次数”讲）时，关系词可省略 ✓小试身手（2）-单句语法填空 1. We all know that, if ___________(not deal with) carefully, the situation will get wor. 2. When __________(walk) along the street, he came across an old friend. 【答案】1. not dealt with 2. walking ●课后练习 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．Students took to the streets to protest against the decision. 2．That’s why I left so early. 3．The reason why we aren’t going is that we can't afford it. 4．What points can be raid in defence of this argument? 5．I attached a photo to my application(apply) form and nt it to the company. 6．As the demand ris, so does(do) the price of this product. 7．Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own. 8．She’s signed up for evening class at the community college. II. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子 call for leave out far from spring to mind aim for 1．It didn't em fair to leave out her father. 2．Though the idea may be dead, it is far from being buried. 尽管这种思想可能已无人相信，但还远没被人遗忘。 3．We should aim for a bigger share of the market. 4．It's a situation that calls for a blend(混合) of delicacy and force. 5．Integrity(正直) and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man. III. 阅读理解 I knew my parents were planning something special for my birthday. I didn’t e anybody 41 and there was no shopping. I even doubted that they had 42 it. When I asked my dad about it, he said, “we’ll go for a 43 tomorrow. But make sure you take your savings.” I felt 44 becau a birthday trip was what I really wanted. The next morning my dad and I 45 and soon we reached our destination. It was an old building on the banks of Periyar River. Some 46 were playing around. A man greeted us and 47 us to his office. My father asked me to give my 48 box to that uncle. I saw a big smile in his face but I was a bit 49 . The man told us that all kids we 50 playing outside were all orphans(孤儿) and many of them had 51 going to school. He wanted to build up a school to 52 them. The school hadn’t been completed totally but about 200 children were living in that 53 . I had tears in my eyes. I realized how lucky I was and felt 54 happy that my small coin box would help support his action. He took us around and introduced us to the kids. They 55 us and soon we became good friends. We started playing in the open ground and had a great 56 . Soon we were called for lunch. We all sat in a big hall and had a delicious lunch. There were happy 57 all around. It was time for us to 58 the place. I was unwilling to 59 I wanted to play with them. As we drove back I told my father that was the 60 birthday party in my life. 41. A. asked B. shown C. invited D. cared 42. A. prepared B. performed C. known D. forgotten 43. A. trip B. game C. cour D. march 44. A. worried B. tired C. excited D. relaxed 45. A. came about B. moved on C. looked around D. t out 46. A. players B. kids C. teachers D. workers 47. A. raid B. held C. took D. pulled 48. A. coin B. tool C. candy D. gift 49. A. bored B. frightened C. impatient D. unhappy 50. A. introduced B. reported C. saw D. chad 51. A. considered B. stopped C. enjoyed D. escaped 52. A. support B. comfort C. plea D. encourage 53. A. way B. organization C. family D. place 54. A. strangely B. hardly C. really D. highly 55. A. watched B. greeted C. touched D. helped 56. A. time B. event C. match D. joke 57. A. audiences B. faces C. memories D. actors 58. A. prai B. visit C. clean D. leave 59. A. but B. becau C. so D. though 60. A. best B. kindest C. busiest D. simplest 【答案】41-45 CDACD 46-50 BCADC 51-55 BADCB 56-60 ABDBA IV. 七选五阅读 A happy family life doesn’t happen by chance. It is a result from husband and wife who carefully and diligently create a home where there is love, respect, forgiveness, patience, rvice and lflessness. 1 The love of husband and wife makes their union last forever; the love of parents for children enables them to feel safe in the world; the love of children for parents lightens the burden that the parents bear; and the love among children reduces quarrels and fights. A couple who respect each other never blame their spou（配偶）. He or she doesn’t think much about her or his weakness but helps her or him overcome them. 2 Forgiveness cannot be ignored either. Conflicts often ari in a family but they can be ttled right away. The one who is at fault should immediately ask for forgiveness and the other should choo to forgive. 3 4 If there patience in the family, anger will be controlled and there will be peace and harmony. 5 Small acts rvice in a family make people’s hearts glad. Children learn simple acts of rvice by giving their parents a glass of water, and a couple rve each other by taking care of family members. A. Live in harmony. B. Love is the greatest of all virtues. C. If there is respect, there will be encouraging words. D. If there is forgiveness, there will be no anger or misunderstanding. E. Being patient is difficult, especially for parents with babies or teenagers. F. If you do something wrong, you must make an apology. G. The best rvice is always found within the walls of homes 【答案】BCDEG ●自我总结-单元单词默写女生的游戏名字
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