Chapter 1
1-5 EBAEA 6-10 DDBCD 11-15 EACAD
16-20 FTTFT
Chapter 2
1-5 BBBAC 6-10 ABACA 11-15 BCCAE
16-20 TTFTF 21-22 TF牙结石怎么形成的
23. Countries with emerging markets prent great potential to international firms. The countries with emerging markets that are expected to have a successful economy future share a number of traits: high political stability, a sound currency, a low level of inflati on, privatization policies that reduce government deficit, create first-time share owners w ho vote for pro-business conrvative policies and diminish the power of trade unions, p olicies that facilitate repatriation of dividends and capital, policies that are in line with in ternational accounting standards, open disclosure of directors' interests ,policies that stres s regular reporting of earnings and sales figures, a sound and comprehensive system of corporate law, a liquid and well-traded curities market reflecting fair prices, a high savi ngs rate, stron
g government support for internationalization, a people characterized by in tegrity, a strong work ethic, and respect for the law.
24.S stands for strength;W stands for weakness;O stands for opportunity;T stands for thr eats.
25.Geology and the shortage of natural resources; Hydrology and economic development topography and access to Markets;climate.
Chapter 3
1-5 CACDA 6-10 BDDCD 11-15 EEDEA
16-21 TTTFTF抹茶粉怎么冲来喝
22. Marketing environment is constantly changing, Marketing managers need to constantly monitor the different forces affecting their international operations. Marketing informatio n, which should constitutes a basis for an executive action, must be taken into considera tion to improve the chances of success in a complex global environment.
23.Marketing rearch system consists of :rearch of industry market characteristics and market tre
nds,product rearch,distribution rearch,buyer behavior rearch,pricing rearc h,promotion rearch.一文钱难倒英雄汉
24. Defining the rearch problem and rearch objectives ,Developing the rearch plan, Deciding on information sources, interpreting data collected, Solving the problem.
25.The data collected to address the problem at hands is known as primary data, collect ed either by the company itlf (internal) or by some other firm or agency (external) is called condary data.
26. Defining the rearch problem and rearch objectives ,Developing the rearch plan, Deciding on information sources, interpreting data collected, Solving the problem.
27.Data collected either by the company itlf (internal) or by some other firm or agenc y (external) is called condary data.
28.We should pay attention to both macro-environment and micro-environment.(list some factors influencing the two mentioned environments).
Chapter 4
1-5 CDAAE 6-10 CDDBC 11-15 ACDBD 16 B
17.U price and sales promotions to promote buying,add product features or enhanceme nts to differentiate their brands from the rest of the pack and rai involvement.,Ad rep etition.First carefully choo your ads media,try to reach your target customer.And try to make customers interested.
19.The marketer’s after-sale communications should provide evidence and support to hel p consumers feel good about their brand choices.
20.People have attitudes regarding religion, politics, clothes, music, food, and almost ever ything el. Attitude describes a person’s relatively consistent evaluations, feelings, and t endencies toward an object or idea.
Chapter 5
1-5 CABAC 6-10 BEBBA 11-15 ACACD
16.Companies today recognize that they cannot appeal to all buyers in the marketplace—or at least not to all buyers in the same way. Buyers are too numerous, widely scattere d, and varied in their needs and buying practices. Moreover, the companies themlves v ary widely in their abilities to rve different gments of the market.
17.A product’s position is the way the product is defined by consumers on important a ttributes—the place the product occupies in consumers’minds relative to competing pr oducts. Products are made in factories, but brands happen in the minds of consumers.Co nsumers are overloaded with information about products and rvices. They cannot reeva luate products every time they make a buying decision.Consumers position products with or without the help of marketers;But marketers do not want to leave their products’positions to chance. They must plan positions that will give their products the greatest a dvantage in lected target markets.
18.Markets consist of buyers, and buyers differ in one or more ways. They may differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices.There is no single way to gment a market. A marketer has to try different gmentation variables, alone and in combination.新兵入伍
19.(1)Geographic Segmentation;(2)Services Differentiation,More for the Same positioning.(3) More for the Same positioning(4)State what the socially responsible target marketing. Chapter 6
1-5 CDBAB 6-10 DBABB 11-15 BCEAE 16-20 BDDCD
21-26 TTTTFT
Task
1.Safety, reliability,maintenance,convenient,efficiency.很高兴见到你用英语怎么说
2.Flexibility to produce, there will be changes relating to both limiting carbon emissions and increasing energy .
3.Promotion can help make the launch successful.
4.Growth and maturity stage
Chapter 7
1-5 AADBD 6-10 DBDBE 11-14 AEBB
15-20 TFTFFF
Chapter 8
1-5 BDEDC 6-10 DCDCA 11 C
12. Customer perceptions of value;Value-bad pricing;Good-value pricing;Value-added prici
ng;
13. Four:pure competition market,monopolistic competition,oligopolistic competition,pure m onopoly;oligopolistic competition
14. Market skimming makes n only under certain conditions. First, the product’s quality and image must lead customers to have a positive perception of its value against such a high price that they will accept the product at that price. Second, the costs of producing a smaller volume cannot be so high that they cancel the advantage of chargin g more. Finally, competitors should not be able to enter the market easily and undercut the high price.
15. First, how does the company’s market offering compare with competitors’offering s in terms of customer value?Second, how strong are current competitors and what are their current pricing strategies?
16.Product line pricing, optional-product pricing, captive-product pricing, by-product pricing, and product bundle pricing.
17. In using psychological pricing, llers take into consideration the psychology of prices and not simply the economics.Companies can strategically exert influence on consumers’psychology or u consumers’reference prices when tting price;reference prices are prices that consumers have in th
eir minds and u them as reference when examining a given offer.
18. FOB-origin pricing:the goods are placed free on board;Uniform-delivered pricing:the co mpany ts the same price including freight to all customers, regardless of their location; freight-absorption pricing:ller absorbs all or part of the actual freight charges to get th
e desired business.
19.Economic conditions, competitive situations, laws and regulations, and development
of the wholesaling and retailing system.
20.They want to dominate the market through lower costs or reduce prices to promote sales and share.
Chapter 9
笨的英语1-5 EAECA 6-10 ACDAE
11-15 First, buyers themlves are changing.;Second, marketing strategies are changing;Fin ally, ch
anges in communications technology are causing striking changes in the ways in w hich producers and customers communicate with each other.
12. Identifying the Target Audience;Determining the Communication Objectives;Designing a Message;Choosing Media;Selecting the Message Source; Collecting Feedback;
13.Cost and effectiveness.(Each promotion tool has its own characteristics and costs.)
14.New products normally need big advertising budgets to build awareness and gain cons umer trial,and so on. In contrast, mature brands usually require lower budgets as a ratio to sales.
15. Start with customers. Identify all customer touch points for the company and its bra nds.Work to ensure that communications at each touch point are consistent with the ov erall communications strategy and that communications efforts are occurring when, where, and how customers want them;Analyze trends—internal and external—that can affect th e company’s ability to do business. Look for areas where communications can help the most. Determine the strengths and weakness of each communications function. Develop亿以内数的读法
a combination of promotional strategies bad on strengths and weakness;Audit the p ockets of c
ommunications spending throughout the organization. Itemize the communicati ons budgets and tasks and consolidate the into a single budgeting process;Reasss all communications expenditures by product, promotional tool, stage of the life-cycle, and o
b rved effect,etc.
16. Media planners must compute the cost per thousand persons reached by a vehicle;T he media planner must also consider the costs of producing ads for different media. 17. Designing Sales Force Strategy and Structure;Recruiting and Selecting Salespeople;Traini ng Salespeople;Compensating Salespeople.
18. The affordable method, the percentage-of-sales method, the competitive-parity metho d, and the objective-and-task method.
19Start with customers. Identify all customer touch points for the company and its brand s.Work to ensure that communications at each touch point are consistent with the overal l communications strategy and that communications efforts are occurring when, where, a nd how customers want them;Analyze trends—internal and external—that can affect the company’s ability to do business and so on.
19. Direct mail and catalogs, telephone marketing, online marketing, and others,others—t hey all share four distinctive characteristics. Direct marketing is less public: The message is normally directed to a specific person. Direct marketing is immediate and customized: Messages can be prepared very quickly and can be tailored to appeal to specific consum ers. Finally, direct marketing is interactive.
不入团能直接入党吗
20. Just give examples and u the knowledge you have learned.
