WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2
Original: English
Distr.: General Definition, Diagnosis
and Classification
of Diabetes Mellitus
and its Complications
Report of a WHO Consultation
Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of
Diabetes Mellitus
World Health Organization
Department of Noncommunicable Dia Surveillance
Geneva
© World Health Organization 1999
This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are rerved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for u in conjunction with
commercial purpos.
The views expresd in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of tho authors
Contents
1. Introduction1
2. Definition and diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus and
待字婚中
other categories of gluco intolerance2
2.1 Definition2
2.2 Diagnosis and diagnostic criteria3
2.2.1 Diagnosis3
鲫鱼习性2.2.2 Diabetes in children4
2.3 Diagnostic criteria4
2.3.1 Change in diagnostic value for fasting
plasma/blood gluco concentrations5
2.3.2 Epidemiological studies6
2.3.3 Individual diagnosis7
3. Classification8
3.1 Earlier classifications8
3.2 Revid classification9
3.2.1 Application of the new classification9
3.3 Terminology (Table 2)11
4. Clinical staging of diabetes mellitus and other categories
of gluco tolerance (Figure 2) 14
4.1 Diabetes mellitus14
启程歌词
4.2 Impaired gluco regulation - Impaired Gluco
Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia14
4.3 Normoglycaemia16香炸五花肉
5. Aetiological types (e also ction 7. and Table 2)17
5.1 Type 117
5.2 Type 218
5.3 Other specific types (Table 3)18
6. Gestational Hyperglycaemia and Diabetes19
6.1 Diagnosis of gestational diabetes20
7. Description of aetiological types21
7.1 Type 1 (beta-cell destruction, usually leading to
absolute insulin deficiency)21
7.1.1 Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus21
7.1.2 Idiopathic22
7.2 Type 2 (predominantly insulin resistance with relative
insulin deficiency or predominantly an insulin
cretory defect with/without insulin resistance)23
7.3 Other Specific Types25
7.3.1 Genetic defects of beta-cell function25
炮制是什么意思7.3.2 Genetic defects in insulin action26
7.3.3 Dias of the exocrine pancreas27
7.3.4 Endocrinopathies27
7.3.5 Drug- or chemical-induced diabetes28
7.3.6 Infections28
7.3.7 Uncommon but specific forms of
immune-mediated diabetes mellitus29
7.3.8 Other genetic syndromes sometimes
associated with diabetes30 8. The Metabolic Syndrome31
8.1 Definition32
8.2 Future needs33 References34 Annex 1 The Oral Gluco Tolerance Test48 Annex 2 Methods for measuring substances in blood and urine49
Members
KGMM Alberti, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (Co–Chairman)
P Aschner, ACD and Javerlana University, Bogota, Colombia
J–P Assal, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
PH Bennett, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
L Groop, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden
J Jervell, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Y Kanazawa, Jichi Medical School, Omiya, Japan
H Keen, Guy's Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
团队精神的金句R Klein, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI, USA J–C Mbanya, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé,
Cameroon
D McCarty, International Diabetes Institute, Caulfield, Australia
绞股蓝茶的功效与作用(Rapporteur)
A Motala, University of Natal, Congella, South Africa
Pan X–R, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China PR
(decead 8 July 1997)
A Ramachandran, Diabetes Rearch Centre, Madras, India
N Samad, Dow Medical College & Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan N Unwin, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (Rapporteur)头脑风暴训练
P Vardi, Schneider Children's Centre, Petah–Tikvah, Israel
PZ Zimmet, International Diabetes Institute, Caulfield, Australia (Co–Chairman)
Secretariat
A Alwan, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
H King, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
