动态性动词和静态性动词

更新时间:2023-05-13 07:56:03 阅读: 评论:0

动态性动词与静态性动词(1
Dynamic Verb and Static Verb
英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征,可以分为动态性动词和静态性动词。大量的动词是动态性的,可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是静态性的,不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词,兼有动态与静态两种特性,而其含义是不同的。动态性动词与静态性动词的用法有四个不同之处:
1)动态性动词可用于进行时态,而静态性动词则不可。这是两种动词最根本的区别,例如:
1John is writing to his father
(约翰正在给他的父亲写信。)
2John rembles his father
(约翰长得像他的父亲。)
John is rembling his father.(Impossible
3John is painting his hou
(约翰正在油漆他的房子。)
4John owns a hou
(约翰拥有一所房子。)
John is owning a hou.(Impossible
有些动词可兼作两类动词,但意思不同。动词hold”的句子主语是人,则作握住解,是个动态性动同;句子主语是处所,则作容纳解,是个静态性动词,例如:
5aJohn is holding a ball in his hands
bJohn has a ball in his hands
(约翰正用两手握住球。)
6aThe bus holds 50 people
b50 people can sit in the bus
(这辆公共汽车能坐五十人。)
动词have可兼作两种类型。当作动态性动词用时,表示动作的发生或过程,相当于takegetreceiveeatdrink等词,可用于进行时态。当作静态性动词用时,表示拥有的概念,相当于ownposss等词,没有进行时态,例如:
7aI was having my coffee quietly
bI was drinking my coffee quietly
(当时我正在默默地喝咖啡。)
8aThe man has a new car
bThe man owns a new car
cThe man posss a new car
(这个人有辆新汽车。)
动词consider后跟名词作宾语,当考虑讲,为动态性动词。后跟that从句作宾语,当认为讲,为静态性动词。 例如:
9aWe shall consider your application
bWe shall take your application into consideration
民心向背cWe shall think over your application
(我们将考虑你的申请。)
10aI considerthatyou acted very wily
bI think豆蔻年华是什么意思(thatyou acted very wily
cTo my mindyou acted very wily
(我认为你做得非常明智。)
在动词词组apply to中,如果菜花炒肉apply当及物动词用,则是动态性动词,意为应用。如是不及动物词,则是静态性动词,意为适用于例如:
11aThey are applying the new theory to practice
bThey are putting the new theory into practice
(他们正在把这个新理论应用于实践。)
12aWhat I have said doesn't apply to you
bWhat I have said doesn't concern you
(我所说的话对你不适用。)
不及物动词look后跟具有动态含义的前置词at,便成为动态性动词。后跟具有静态含义的前置词like,便成为静态性动词。例如:
13aHe is looking at the picture on the wall
bHe is taking a look at the picture on the wall
(他正在看墙上的画。)
14aHe looks like his father
b实践单位意见评语He rembles his father
(他长得像他的父亲。)
有些静态性动词,可以充当动态性动词,用于进行时态,表示委婉的口气。例如:
15aI wonder if I could ask you a question
bI'm wondering if I could ask you a question
(我不知可否问你一个问题。)
16五香黄豆aI hope to leave as soon as possible
bI'm hoping to leave as soon as possible
(我希望尽早地离开。)
在现代英语中,有种越来越多地使用进行时态的趋势,包括静态性动词用于进行时态,表示惊讶责备抱怨批评等感情色彩。例如:
17My grandfather is forgetting names nowadays
(现在我爷爷老是记不起别人的名字。)
18The old people are all remembering the days of their childhood
(这些老人居然都还记得他们的童年往事。)
19The old man is surely imagining things
(这位老人肯定是在想什么事情。)
Dynamic Verb and Static Verb
2)动态性动词大多可用于祈使句(Imperative Sentence),静态性动词则不可。例如:
20Keep the hou clean and tidy
(要保持房子整齐清洁!)
21Own the hou!(Impossible
22Do as your father does
(照你父亲那样做。)
23Remble your father.(Impossible
动词have作动态性动词用,可用于祈使句,例如:
24aHave some tea
      bDrink some tea
(请喝点茶!)
smell当动态性动词用,表示感觉行为,可用于祈使句;当静态性动词用,表示感觉表现,不可用于祈使句,例如:为什么有白头发
25aSmell this meatDoes it smell bad
      bTakeHave a smell at this meatDoes it give/have a bad smell
(闻一闻这块肉,看它有没有坏味道?)
动词当作动态性动词用于祈使句中,往往表达的是原义。当作静态性动词,往往含有引伸义,但不用于祈使句。试以hold为例:
26aHold the handle very firmly
      bGrasp the handlevery firmly
(请紧紧抓住这个把手。)
27aHold your head up虎皮兰作文!
      bKeep your head up
(仰着脑袋!)
28aPlato heldthe viewthat the soul is immortal
      bPlato believedthought that the soul is immortal
(柏拉图认为灵魂是不朽的。)
3)动态性动词可用于内嵌句(Embeded Sentence)中,即充当Vsb.+to do sth.结构中的复合宾语(Complex Object)部分的to do;而静态性动词不可。例如:
29aI told him to abandon his attempt
      bHe was told to abandon his attempt
(我叫他放弃尝试。)
30aI told him not to hit a man when he was down
      bHe was told not to hit a man when he was down
(我叫他不要乘人之危。)
31I told him to act as an interpreter
(我叫他充当译员。)
32I told him to look like an interpreter
Impossible
33I told him to keep the hou
(我叫他管理这个家。)
34I told him to posss the hou
Impossible
4)动态性动词可用于带有do代词形式的假拟分裂句(Pudocleft Sentence with Do Pro-form)中;静态性动词则不可。例如:
35What I did wastosolve the problem
(我所做的事情是去解决这个问题。)
36What I did was to know the problem
Impossible
A.动态性动词:
动态性动词大体分为下列五类:
1)活动型动词(Activity Verb
2)过程型动词(Process Verb上海易物网
3)感觉痛苦型动词(Sen Suffer Verb
4)过渡型动词(Transitional Verb
5)瞬时型动词(Momentary Verb
上述各类动态性动词,用于进行时态,都表示正在进行而尚未结束的动作。除瞬时型动词外,其余各类动词都表示具有一定持续时间的动作。但是,持续时间的长短,取决于多种因素。除了动词本身的语义外,其主语和宾语所用名词的单、复数和含义,也都与持续时间长短有关,例如:

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