第三章翻译的基本技巧1

更新时间:2023-05-13 05:51:23 阅读: 评论:0

第三章 翻译的基本技巧 Translation techniques 第一部分 Part One
Generally speaking, the basic translation techniques that merit our attention and are to be applied in English-Chine or Chine-English translations include:
Diction (选词用字)    Conversion (转换)
Repetition (重复) Amplification (增词法)
Omission (省略法)
Negation vs. Affirmation (正反交替)
Restructuring/Inversion (词序调整)
Division (长句拆译)
The Disposal of the Passive Voice
The Rendering of the Technical Terms
The Rendering of the Long and Involved Sentences    etc.
Procedures of today:
Diction
Conversion Exercis in class
Assignments
Diction:
Diction refers to the proper choice of words and phras in the process of translation to fit their context.
E.g. Tension is building up. 形势紧张起来。 电压在加强。 张力在增大。
压力在增强。……
红包
gift money/ bonus/ bribes 根据词性确定词义 p.34 by means of the part of speech
Look, I don 't mind you borrowing my car, but you ought to ask me first.
By the looks of it we shan    't have much rain this month.
You have to look your best if you want the job. 听着,你借我的车我并不介意,不过你应该先问问我。 看样子,这个月雨水不会很多。
你如果想得到这个职位,就必须尽可能穿戴得体一些。
agreement
同意
湖北返工
an agreement 协定
people
人民
a people
民族
hostility
敌意
hostilities
财务分析的作用
战争
u
使用学步车的危害和好处
us
用途个人提升计划
work 共结连理工作    works 工厂、著作
advice 忠告    advices 通知
color 颜色 colors 颜色、旗帜 根据词的搭配确定词义 p.35 by means of collocation
a fast car, the fast growth, fast music, a fast journey, fast color, a fast film, fast asleep, break one ' s fast by drinking some milk, stick fast in the mud
速度很快的车,迅速发展,节奏快的音乐,匆匆之行,不易褪掉的颜色,快速感 光胶卷,酣睡, 开斋喝了点牛奶,牢牢地陷在泥巴里
在这种 情况下 这种情况必须改变。 现在的 情况不同了。 他们的 情况 怎么样? 前线有什么 情况 ? 我们可能去哪儿,那得看 情况 而定。
under such circumstances
This state of affairs must change.
Now things are different.
How do matters stand with them?
How is the situation at the front?
We may go there, but that depends. 根据上下文确定词义 p.36 by means of the context
语境(context)指产生语言活动的环境,包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语 言活动的目的,反映在文字材料中也称上下文。
真实语境中的词语绝非词典中孤立的个体,而是与其所处的句、段、篇,乃至更 宽泛的非语言环境如情感、文化、社会等因素密切相连。
E.g. I 'll finish the book next week.
More examples:
This war is becoming the most importantstory of this generation.
It is quite another story now.
Some reporters who were not included in the ssion broke thsetory.
He'll be very happy if thast tory holds up.
The Rita Hayworth s'to给力青春sry is one of the saddest.
What a story! I don 't believe a word of it.
Last December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of tho cities, but officials refu to confirm the story.
The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American T.V 这场战争将成为这代人所经历的最重大的事件。 (event) 现在的情况完全不同了。 (situation) 有些未获准参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。 (inside situation ) 如果这一说法当真,那他就太高兴了。 (statement)
丽泰海华丝的遭遇算最惨的了。    (experienee)
弥天大谎!我只字不信。 (lie)
去年 12 月,《邮报》首先报道调查工作已在那些城市里进行, 但官员们拒绝证实这 条消息。 (news)
报道中对他的渲染减少了,不久就从美国电视上销声匿迹了。 (report)
词义引申
根据上下文不拘于词的字面意义或词典提供的释义,而对词义作必要的调整与变 动,揭示词与词之间的内在联系,按照汉语的表达方式译出。
引申不仅仅局限于以词作翻译单位,词组和句子作翻译单位时也经常用到引申法, 以着力表达词组和句子的内在含义。
原有的意义和引申出的意义基本上是一致的,只是有了一些变化。    1、从新的角度
以新的形式来体现原文中的含义。 2、译文明确表达原文中词语本身及其与上下文间 所蕴含的意义,是表达的深度和广度的调整。
引申包括词义含蓄成分的引申、表情成分的引申、修辞意义上的引申、概念大小 的引申、程度的引申、虚实的引申、词义的褒贬引申等等。
E.g. She looked up to e Amelia crooking a finger from the half darkness of the hall. Y
ou baek? What is it?    asked Amelia erossly?
她一抬头,看见艾米利亚站在半明半暗的门厅里 弯弯手指叫她过去 。 “你回来啦? 什么事? ”艾米利亚没好气地问。
It is no u doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.
不能爱哪行才干哪行,要干哪行爱哪行。
Every life has its ros and thorns.
生活总是有甜有苦。
虚实的引申
How do we aeeount for this split between the erities and the readers, the head and the heart?
评论家和读者之间,也就是 理智与情感 之间的这种分歧如何解释呢?
His ehanees of getting into Harvard areone out of hundred.
他进入哈佛大学的机会 微乎其微 。
His new ear made him theenvy of every boy in the neighborhood.六年级思维导图
他有一辆新车,为此他成了邻里男孩们羡慕的对象。
At 22, he had first learnedwhat it is to be a negro.
22 岁的时候,他生平第一次尝到了做黑人的 滋味。
褒贬的引申自定义按键
Edison invented the gramophone and the eleetrie light.
This kind of people sometimesinvent exeus to go out of work.
爱迪生发明了留声机和电灯。
这种人有时 编造 借口不去上班。
He stolea glanee at the pretty girl aeross the table.
他偷偷地看了看桌子对面那漂亮的女孩一眼。
Conversion 在翻译过程中,由于两种语言在语法和行为习惯上的差异,有时必须改变原文某 些词语的词类或句子成分才能有效地传达出原文的准确意思。
汉语是一种动词显著语言,因此英译汉的词类转换最重要的一项就是将英语的各 种词类转换成汉语动词。
汉译英则需将汉语中大量的动词转换为名词、形容词、介词、副词等。
转译成动词
Converting into Verbs
Difference between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.
各国社会制度的不同,不应 妨碍彼此接近和相互合作 。

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