名词解释
1. Marshall Plan（马歇尔计划，又称欧洲复兴计划；Chapter 9）：
An American policy prented by George Marshall in 1947, proposing massive and systematic aid to Western Europe in order to keep Communists out of political power in Europe and establish the international economic order.
2. Monroe Doctrine （门罗主义；Chapter 6）：
A foreign policy announced by James Monroe in 1823, opposing European colonialism in the Americas and taking a neutral attitude towards affairs of colonies still owned by European nations in the New World.
3. Electoral College （选举人团； Chapter 12）：
A mechanism in the United States for the indirect election of the President and Vice President .Citizens of the United States vote in each state and the District of Columbia at a
general election to choo a slate of "electors" pledged to vote for a particular party's candidate.
△各州选民先选出本州总统选举人，其数目与该州在国会中的议员数相等。全国50个州加哥伦比亚特区共选出538名总统选举人。各州选举人组成选举人团，分别在各州府选举正、副总统）
4. Missouri Compromi (密苏里妥协案; Chapter 6）：
A solution pasd by the 16th US Congress in 1820，which balanced the number of "slave states" and "free states”和胃整肠丸 and also made the rule of how to define a state as a slave state or a free one.
5. Winner – take – all principle （胜者全得原则； Chapter 12）：
A principle applied in American presidential election,肘关节痛 which means that the candidate with most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes.
6. Melting pot （大熔炉，相对于Salad bowl； Chapter 2）
A metaphor for a heterogeneous society, which is commonly ud to signify the mixture and assimilation融合 of different races that have immigrated into the US.
7. Declaration of Independence （独立宣言； Chapter 4）
A statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies regarded themlves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer under British rule. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. It was an eloquent defence of human freedom.
8. Roaring Twenties （咆哮的20年代； Chapter 7）:
The Roaring Twenties a is term for Western society and Western culture during the 1920s. It was a华为降级 period of sustained economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the United States, particularly in major cities such as Chicago Los Angeles, and New York.
9. Judicial review （司法审查权； Chapter 11）作文节日
A power of interpretation of the Constitution, which give The Supreme Court the highest authority to examine the bills pasd by Congress and policies made by president, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them.
10. No taxation without reprentation （脱离代表权就不纳税； Chapter 4）
A slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s. This slogan showed people’s belief that, as they were not directly reprented in the distant British Parliament, any laws it pasd affecting the colonists were illegal under the Bill of Rights 1689, and were a denial of their rights as Englishmen.
11. Manifest destination （天定命运论； Chapter6
In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its ttlers were destined to expand across North America and the expansion was right and good for the country.
12. Federalism （联邦制度； Chapter 10）
Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system.
13. Cold War（冷战； Chapter 9）
The Cold War was a state of international tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc and powers in the Western Bloc. It was a war without large-scale fighting directly between the two sides.
14. Reconstruction （南方重建； Chapter 7）
It refers to a ries of policies to help the South recover from the Civil War economically, politically and militarily
问答题
1.Constitutional division of powers, checks and balances system in American political美国政治的权力划分，制衡制度
怎么淡斑祛斑2.Cold War冷战
3.Constitutional Convention美国制宪会议（美国1787在费城召开的东部十三州代表大会，在这次会议上制定了美国宪法）
4.America in World War Ⅰ&Ⅱ美国在一战和二战中
5.Civil War美国内战南北战争1861-1865
crm是什么意思6.American Revolution美国独立战争1775-1783年北美13个殖民地人民推翻英国统治，争取独立的革命战争
浙北大峡谷7.Civil rights movement民权运动
8.Foreign policy of USA美国的外交政策
9.Wc2b模式是什么意思estward expansion西进运动p52第六单元
