常用医学英语词根词缀
1．人体主要器官前缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例
心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium / carditis / cardiology
脑 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum / encephalitis / encephalology
肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis / pulmonectomy / pulmonology
肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis / hepatobiliary / hepatology
胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis / gastrointestinal / gastrology
胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis / cholinergic / cholecystectomy
肠 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis / enterectomy / enterology
做合格党员脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis / splenectomy / splenology
胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis / pancreatectomy
肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis / nephropathy / nephrology
2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀
名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例
血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管 vesl vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular
静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction
动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 藏红花是什么
尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
3．与数字有关的前缀
数字 前缀 示例
一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional
多边形的面积二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide
三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve
四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八 octa- octahedral/octal system
九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon
十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）
4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色 通用名 前缀 示例
色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer
公务员面试内容红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer
在我们这个年龄作文白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫 violet/purple
绿 green
棕 brown brown mixture / brown ring
橙 orange Victoria orange / ethyl orange / orange G
粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 爱护造句子一年级
绯红 crimson
青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)
含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例
病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
异地更换身份证需要什么材料
/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia
无 a-/an- atypical anuria/agranulocytopenia
小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leaflet
micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大/巨 macro- macroscopic macronucleus/macrophage
-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6．原单是正品还是仿货与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)
含义 前（后）缀 示例
相反 dis- dia/disorder/disability
困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
