Journal of Nutritional Oncology, February 15, 2019, Volume 4, Number 1
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Diabetes: An Accomplice to Cancer
物理高中所有公式Ting Wen Ge1, You Xi Y u2, Lu Cai3, Jiu Wei Cui1
1Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; 3Pediatric Rearch Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
Abstract: Worldwide, cancer and diabetes are two major chronic dias that have great impacts on human health. Clinical and basic rearch studies have shown that diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can promote the incidence and development of colon, pancreatic, breast, liver and bladder cancers. Hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation and abnormal metabolism are considered to be major risk factors involved in the development of cancer. Notably, some treatments ud for diabetes, such as maintenance of a healthy diet and the u of hypoglycemic drugs to control blood gluco levels, may decrea the risk of cancer. On the other hand, metabolic disorders and the organ damage caud by cancer can also promote or accelerate the progression of diabetes. By revie
wing the relevant literature, we found that diabetes can promote the occurrence and development of some cancers, and cancer can, in turn, influence diabetes. We herein discuss and summarize the mechanisms underlying the relationship between diabetes and cancer and the new therapeutic strategies bad on this relationship.
Key words: Cancer; Diabetes; Epidemiology; Abnormal metabolism; Therapy; Targeted drug
公文写作字体
Introduction
Cancer is the cond leading cau of death worldwide [1]. In China, it has become the first cau of death for urban residents, the cond cau of death for rural residents, and the number of patients continues to increa [2]. Rearch on the tumor microenvironment and metabolism indicates that the occurrence and development of cancer is cloly related to metabolic disorders. Diabetes has become an increasingly common health problem, and it is currently the 12th leading cau of death worldwide [3]. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 1 in 11 adults had diabetes (425 million) in 2017, and 12% of global health expenditures were spent on diabetes ($727 billion). In China alone, more than 1.14 million people were diagnod with diabetes and the total spending on treatment of diabetes and related dias is more than $50 billion a year [4]. Increasing evidence has indicated that there is a clo relationship between diabetes and cancer.
The connection between diabetes and cancer was first postulated nearly 80 years ago. However, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) does not ems to be associated with the development of cancer. In contrast, there is mounting evidence of an association between T2DM and an incread risk of veral cancers, such as pancreatic [5], liver [6], and gynecological cancers [7]. Retrospective clinical studies [8-10] have found that diabetics with the tumors have a wor prognosis and respon to drug therapy than non-diabetic patients with the same tumors. Current thought suggests that the relationship may not be entirely attributable to the direct effects of diabetes, such as hyperglycemia [9,11], but also due to the fact that diabetes is an “accomplice” of metabolic disorders. Therefore, diabetes can influence other conditions and indirectly increa the risk of cancer. It has also been demonstrated that tumor cells can induce metabolic disorders. For example, tumors can induce the occurrence and development of diabetes in patients with liver or pancreatic cancer [12,13]. Although we have had a preliminary understanding of the relationship between diabetes and cancer, and some new drugs and treatment programs have been applied in clinical practice, there is still little known about the details underlying the relationship between diabetes and cancer, whether the relationship is of therapeutic value, and how the side effects of drugs ud to treat both conditions can be reduced. Although it may be possible to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment program that will reduce the incidence of both diabetes and cancer, additional rearch is needed to determine the best ways to achieve this goal.
In this article, we summarize the relationship between diabetes and cancer with regard to the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms and treatment methods, and discuss factors that must be taken into account when developing new therapies for both
Ting Wen Ge and You Xi Yu made an equal contribution to this paper.
Corresponding authors: Lu Cai, MD, PhD, Pediatric Rearch Institute,
Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Tel:
不二门
+1 502 852 2214; Email: L0cai001@louisville.edu; Jiu wei Cui, MD,
新店开业图片PhD, Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun,
小龟Jilin 130021, China; Tel: +86 431 8878 2178; Fax: +86 431 8878 6134;
Email: cuijw@
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