有关情绪的英文表达
2009/02/11
情绪（emotion）是一种心理（mental）与生理（physiological）的状态，包括许多种的感觉（feeling）、想法（thought）与行为（behaviour）。它是主观体验（subjective experience），经常与心绪（mood）、生性（temperament）、性格（personality）与倾向性（disposition）联系在一起。下面按照字母顺序简要介绍主要的情绪类型。每个词下面还有近义词，按照近义程度从上往下排列。
acceptance：指一个人感受到某种形式（situation）或条件（condition）【常常是负面的（negative）或不舒服的（uncomfortable）】，但不试图改变（change）、抗议（protest）或躲避（exit）。
toleration/sufference
permissiveness/tolerance
affection：是一种常常与爱（love）有关的心态（disposition or state of mind），要高于友谊（friendship）或善意（good will）。例如小哥哥亲弟弟的脸来表达affection。
affectionateness/philia/warmness/warmheartedness/fondness/tenderness/heart：The child won everyone's heart. The warmness of his welcome made us feel right at home.
feeling：I disliked him and the feeling was mutual.
attachment/fond regard
protectiveness
regard/respect：She mistook his manly regard for love. He inspires respect.
soft spot：She had a soft spot for her youngest son.
anger：指愤怒的感觉，强度不等，可以是小的刺激（irritation）也可以是狂怒（rage）。
ire/choler/wrath/angriness
emotion
fury/rage/madness：Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned. His face turned red with rage.
enragement/infuriation
umbrage/offen/offence
huffiness
hackles/dander：Having one's hackles or dander up
bad temper/ill temper
vexation/annoyance/chafe
annoyance：一种不开心的（unpleasant）的精神状态，类似‘恼火’。如果经常出于这种状态，那么这种情况叫petulance。
botheration/irritation/vexation
mental condition/mental state/psychological condition/psychological state
bummer：Having to stand in line so long was a real bummer.
huff/miff/eing red
pinprick
impatience/restlessness
snit：He was in a snit.
vexation/chafe
anger/ire/choler
temper/irritation/pique：His temper sparked like damp firewood.
frustration：Her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration.
aggravation/exasperation
harassment/torment：So great was his harassment that he wanted to destroy his tormentors.
displeasure
apathy：也叫impassivity或perfunctoriness，是一种无所谓（indifference）的心态，或者压抑自己的其它强烈情绪的状态。对很多事情缺乏兴趣（interest）或关注（concern），也可能是一种慵懒（sluggishness）或不敏感（innsibility）。例如，战争过后人们对死亡伤残的现象变得相对无动于衷。
emotionlessness/impassiveness/phlegm/stolidity/unemotionality/indifference
listlessness/languor/lassitude
spiritlessness/numbness/
passivity/passiveness
anxiety：一种不愉快的感觉，可能是因为恐惧（fear）、不安（uneasiness）或担忧（worry），类似‘焦虑’。它也是对压力（stress）的正常反应。例如面临考试的时候。
anxiousness
castration anxiety
hypochondria/hypochondriasis
overanxiety
scare/panic
discomfiture/discomposure/disconcertion/disconcertment
worry/trouble
concern/fear/scare
disquiet
incurity
disquietude/edginess/inquietude/uneasiness
sinking feeling/sinking
misgiving/qualm/scruple
jitteriness/jumpiness/nervousness/restiveness
angst
awe：是一种并不那么令人愉快的（joyous）的惊异（wonder），带有畏惧（fearful）与尊敬（respectful）。通常指面对力量强大的事物。例如在雷鸣般奔流而下的大瀑布或高耸的吉萨金字塔面前人们会感觉到awe，但在彩虹面前人们通常感受的是wonder或joy。
wonder/wonderment/admiration
reverence/veneration/fear
boredom：在没事儿可做或者周围的事物毫无兴趣的时候人们的感觉，类似‘无聊’。
ennui/tedium
dissatisfaction
blahs
fatigue
compassion：是一种比较深沉的（profound）的人类情感，通常由别人的痛苦（pain）引起，也是利他行为（altruism）的原因之一。这与孔子所说的‘恕’【己所不欲勿施于人（do to others as you would have done to you）】类似。比empathy层次高。
compassionateness
heartstrings
fellow feeling/sympathy
tenderheartedness/tenderness
mercifulness/mercy
pity
contempt：指认为某人或某物低贱（inferior/ba）或毫无价值（worthless）的感觉或态度（attitude），与scorn类似。它大致相当于‘看不起’与‘藐视’。
dispite/disdain/scorn
dislike
disrespect
rudeness/discourtesy
fleer
leer/sneer
disobedience/noncompliance
contempt of court
curiosity：指会引发探索性（inquisitive）行为的情感，例如探索（exploration）、调查（investigation）与学习（learning），相当于‘好奇’。
wonder
desire to know/lust for learning/thirst for knowledge
interest/involvement
curiousness/inquisitiveness
depression：包括悲伤（sadness）、无助（helplessness）、无望（hopeless）、无趣（loss of interest）、不快乐（loss of pleasure）以及其它相关的情绪与行为，类似‘压抑’或‘抑郁’。它对身体有害并可能影响大脑功能。极端情况可能导致自杀（suicide）。
melancholia
blue devils/megrims/vapors/vapours/blues
blue funk/funk：He was in a funk.
melancholy
slough of despond
low spirits
dejection
sadness/unhappiness
demoralisation/demoralization
helplessness
despondence/despondency/disconsolateness/heartsickness
oppressiveness/oppression
dysphoria
desire：也叫craving或hankering，指对某人或某物或某个结果的渴望（longing）或希望（hoping）。想到该对象就会兴奋，有采取行动的冲动。类似‘欲念’。
ambition/aspiration/dream
bloodlust
temptation
craving
wish/wishing/want
longing/yearning/hungriness
concupiscence/physical attraction/xual desire/eros
itch/urge
caprice/whim/impul
