基础篇5：体验大自然（一）
一、素材积累
短语积累
1.自然灾害natural disaster
2.地震earthquake
3.雪崩avalanche
4.滑坡landslide
5.泥石流mudflow/debris flow
6.超级火山爆发super volcano
7.洪水flood
8.火山泥流lahar
9.大(或急剧的)漩涡maelstrom
10.海啸tsunami
句型赏析
1.Lightning is another very common, very deadly and very underappreciated natural hazard.
闪电是另一中非常常见的、非常要命的且很不受重视的自然灾害。
2.The effects from earthquakes are caud by ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failure, and less commonly, tsunamis.
地震的影响主要由地动、地表断层、地面塌陷和较少见的海啸引起的。
3.The effects from earthquakes are caud by ground shaking, surface faulting, ground failure, and less commonly, tsunamis.
地震的影响主要由地动、地质断裂、地面塌陷和极少数情况下出现的震后海啸引起。
4.An avalanche accord at the Austrian alp has left 6 death of the mountain climber from CZ republic.
发生在奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉的一场雪崩造成6名来自捷克共和国的登山者死亡。
5.If landslide or debris flow danger is imminent, quickly move away from the path of the slide.
如果滑坡或泥石流危险迫在眉睫，迅速离开有滑落体的道路。
二、写作技巧提炼——情绪心理描写（一）
我们在生活中，经常会产生各种各样的情绪。比如高兴、悲伤、激动、恐惧、羞愧等。
其实人的心理状况和情绪比较复杂，不仅限于以上表现，还有更复杂的，比如羡慕、紧张、古怪、烦闷、忧郁、懊悔等。情绪描写、心理描写是最富表现力的语言，他们能够传达情绪、表现性格、丰富语言。
对人物的心理活动进行细致地描写，可以具体、生动地突出人物的特点，表现人物的形象。那么怎样来描写人物的心理呢?方法有很多，如内心独白法。
内心独白，指以第一人称的方式描述自己内心所想的内容。内心独白法形式比较灵活，文章中可以用一整段话来描写自己内心所想的内容，这叫整段式。
经典心理描写欣赏：
1.If God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is
now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh: it is my spirit that address your spirit; just as if both had pasd through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal as we are!
如果上帝赐予我美貌和财富，我会让你难以离开我，就像现在我难以离开你一样。我现在不上通过习俗、常规、甚至是凡人的肉体与你说话，而是我的灵魂与你的灵魂对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等——本来就如此！——《简爱》
2.So he shall never know how I love him: and that, not becau he’s handsome, but becau he’s more mylf than I am.
所以他永远也不会知道我有多爱他：并不是因为他长得英俊，而是因为他比我更像我自己。——《呼啸山庄》
3.The all of thine that cannot die through dark and dread eternity returns again to me, and more thy buried love endears
than aught except its living years.
你那永不寂灭的灵魂，穿越幽暗冷晦的永恒，仍然回到我心间，你已葬的爱情胜过一切，只除了爱情活着的岁月。——拜伦诗歌《你已经长逝》
4. My love were some ordinary.
我的相恋只是随波逐流。——《安娜·卡列尼娜》
5.But a man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
一个人并不是生来要给打败的，你尽可把它消灭掉，可就是打不败他。——《老人与海》
三、典例分析
Ⅰ. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the hottest time of the year in southern California. Steve, a star basketball player at the University of California,
with his cousin Zach, had planned a camping trip in the Great National Forest for their summer vacat
ion.
The boys packed clothes and supplies into a bag, and began their great adventure with the dog Brady early in the morning. Upon arrival, Steve pulled over to the side of the road along the bank of the river. “A wonderful place for fishing,” Steve exclaimed in delight. Zach nodded in agreement.
At high noon, the sun was scorching hot. With a good harvest of fish, the boys marched into the forest with Brady following them. After a long walk, they found a clearing that was ideal for a campsite (野营地). The camp was t up immediately as Steve knew all the tricks of an experienced wilderness camper. An afternoon nap was absolutely a special treat in mid-summer. However, the boys were waken up by the fierce barks of Brady. Outside, heavy smoke filled the air and wind-blown flame was skipping from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer turned the forest into a tinderbox. In a little while, Steve and Zach were inside their tent packing their belongings.
“Let’s go! We can make it back to the river!” They headed down against the fire-wind in the direction of the river. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. Steve was uneasy for it was hard to find a safe way to escape in the heavy smoke.
Brady lifted his head and sniffed the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared down a sharp slope. The boys shouted for him, but he didn’t come back. Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking. He himlf wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark. _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Brady pulled again, in spite of the boy’s disbelief, urgently. _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark. Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope. But Steve didn’t get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of cour he remembered Brady had saved his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?
Brady pulled again, in spite of the boy’s disbelief, urgently. “OK, big guy,” eing the fire was touching underbrush nearby, Steve made up his mind. Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions to find the right way. The boys were so tired but the dog urged both boys to go on. Steve was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water! They made it back to the river.
【解析】
这是一篇读后续写作文。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要记叙了在南加州一年中最热的时候，Steve和Zach 带着小狗Brady一起去国家森林露营，结果遇到了森林大火，被困在了森林中。而这时小狗Brady却跑开了，孩子们大声喊他，但他没有回来。
【详解】
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：Steve和Zach还没走多远，就听到了熟悉的狗叫声。后文应当描写Brady 回来后的情况，Brady拉扯Steve的裤腿想要带他离开，Steve却犹豫了，他怀疑Brady是否足够聪明能让他们渡过难关。第二段开头是：Brady不顾男孩的怀疑，再次焦急地拉扯起他的裤腿来。后文应当描写Steve下定决心跟着Brady走，Brady领着他们走下斜坡，进入树林，终于最后在Brady的带领下，男孩子们最终回到了河边。
续写内容应当符合逻辑，本篇主要以一般过去式为主。词数为150左右。
【点睛】
本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句型。高级词汇，如：in front of, in spite of, hesitate, make up one’s mind, directions, urge sb. to do sth. 等；高级句型，如：Of cour he remembered Brady had saved his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger.中使用了时间状语从句；“OK, big guy,” eing the fire was touching underbrush nearby, Steve made up his mind.中使用了现在分词短语作状语。
Ⅱ. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A.J. shut the door of the truck. “Ready,” he said. His dad started the truck. It was six o’clock and freezing, but the strong morning sun promid warmer temperatures. It had been colder than normal over the past week, and the ground and ponds were already frozen.
“After we check on the cows,” Dad said, “you should have some time to practice roping cattle.” A.J. wanted to enter the rodeos (牛仔竞技表演) in which cowboys rode wild hors, and caught cattle with ropes.
The best professionals could break from the gate on horback, rope a calf (小牛), and hog-tie (捆绑) the calf (牛犊) in less than ten conds. So far, A.J. needed nearly a minute and a half, but he’d only been at it for a few months.
The truck bounced down the dirt road. In a few minutes, they pasd through the field gate.
A.J. pulled a pair of telescopes (望远镜). The black spots of cows on the far hill took shape. The cows gathered around the pond. A.J. guesd they wanted the water locked under the ice. Suddenly, they heard extremely frightened shouts from one cow. Dad stopped the truck, and he and A.J. stared at the frozen pond anxiously.
A calf lay on the ice in the middle of the pond. A cow, no doubt the calf’s mother, stood onshore, shouting desperately. The calf struggled to get up but slipped and fell each time.
The morning sun emed warmer. Too warmer. A.J. knew that the situation was urgent. If the calf lay there too long, she
could fall through the ice and drown. Dad ead the truck down the hill and stopped at the edge of the pond. “No telling how long she’s been there,” he said. “The ice could be about to melt. I don’t think we can risk it.” Dad shook his head, “It’s just not safe.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
A.J. watched the calf, who eyes were wide with fear. ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ It would be just like rodeo practice, A.J. thought, trying to stay calm. _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】
A. J. watched the calf, who eyes were wide with fear. Though frightened, the calf gathered all her strength to get up but slipped over and over again. Seeing the danger, the mother cow let out shouts with horror and cast helpless glances at A. J. and his dad as if begging them for help. An atmosphere of sadness blanketing the whole world, every nerve in A. J.’s body screamed at him that he must save the poor calf. All of a sudden, an idea came into his mind like a flash.
It would be just like rodeo practice, A. J. thought, trying to stay calm. He rushed to the truck to grab t
he rope quickly, aimed it at the calf and let it go. Luckily, he made it at the first attempt! With palms sweating, he and his dad struggled to pull the calf out of the frozen pond. After what emed like a century, they managed to save the calf. Seeing the calf running to her mother happily, A. J. felt comforted and glad that what he had learned helped save a life.
【解析】
这是一篇读后续写作文。通过阅读所给文章可知，A.J.是一名牛仔竞技表演运动员，他与爸爸在路上遇到了一头被困在冰上的小牛，他们听到母牛发出极其恐惧的叫声，爸爸停下卡车，他和A.J.焦急地凝视着冰冻的池塘。小牛努力挣扎，但每次都滑倒了。早晨的阳光似乎更温暖，会使冰融化，A. J.知道情况很紧急。如果小牛长时间待在那里，它可能会跌落在冰水中淹死。A. J.想要救出小牛，但是爸爸摇摇头说：“冰可能即将融化。我认为我们不能冒险” 。
【详解】
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：A.J.看着小牛，它的眼里满是恐惧。接下来可以描述小牛的挣扎和母牛的无助以及他有了挽救小牛的想法。第二段开头是：A.J.想这就像是一次竞技练习一样，他尽量保持冷静。接下来可以写他如何救了小牛的过程并且最终成功了，要多描写心理和解救小牛的过程。续写时要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
【点睛】
本文描写详略得当，使用了固定短语和高级句型。例如：let out, glance at, all of a sudden, aim it, make it, manage to do等固定短语。who引导的非限制性定语从句A. J. watched the calf, who eyes were wide with fear., 现在分词短语作状语Seeing the danger, the mother cow let out shouts with horror and cast helpless glances at A. J. and his dad as if begging them for help.，过去分词短语作状语He rushed to the truck to grab the rope quickly, aimed it at the calf and let it go.，With 的复合结构With palms sweating, he and his dad struggled to pull the calf out of the frozen pond. ，What引导的宾语从句After what emed like a century, they managed to save the calf.。
