第26单元托尼•莫里森
26.1复习笔记
I.Introduction to author（作者简介）
1.Life（生平）
Toni Morrison(1931-)was born Chloe Anthony Wofford in1931in Lorain,Ohio, the cond of four children in a black working-class family.She displayed an early interest in literature.She took the nickname Toni in college.
Morrison inherits the legacy of African American literature.She is an award-winning writer.The many literary awards include the National Book Award, the National Book Critical Circle Award,the Pulitzer Prize,and the Nobel Prize for Literature in1993.
托尼·莫里森(1931—)原名克洛伊·安东尼·沃福德，1931年出生于俄亥俄州洛雷恩的一个黑人工人家庭，在四个孩子中排行第二。她从小就对文学感兴趣。她在大学期间开始使用托尼这个名字。
莫里森继承了非裔美国文学的传统。她获奖无数，这些文学奖包括：国家图书奖、国家图书批评奖、普利策奖以及1993年的诺贝尔文学奖。
2.Major Works（主要作品）
The Bluest Eyes(1970)《最蓝的眼睛》
Sula(1973)《秀拉》
Song of Solomon(1977)《所罗门之歌》
Tar Baby(1981)《柏油孩子》
Beloved(1987)《宠儿》
Jazz(1992)《爵士乐》
Paradi(1999)《天堂》
Love(2003)《爱》
A Mercy(2008)《恩惠》
II.Selected works（主要选读）
◆Recitatif《宣叙》
Recitatif is Toni Morrison‘s only published short story.It was first published in 1983in Confirmation:An Anthology of African American Women,an anthology edited by Amiri Baraka and his wife Amina Baraka.It is a pioneering story in racial writing as the race of Twyla and Roberta are debatable.Though the characters are clearly parated by class,neither is affirmed as African American or Caucasian.
《宣叙》是莫里森发表的唯一一部短篇小说，发表于1983年，被收录于艾米利和艾米纳·巴拉卡编辑的《实证》。由于主人公特怀拉和罗伯塔的种族身份具有争议性，所以这篇小说在种族题材写作中具有开创性意义。尽管人物形象阶级分明，但是却不能够确定他们是非裔美国人还是白种人。
III.Analysis of major works（主要作品分析）
◆Song of Solomon《所罗门之歌》
(1)The publication of Song of Solomon established Morrison’s place in contemporary American literature.This novel is en as another milestone in African American literature after Native Son and Invisible Man.It tells the story of an African American trying to recover his family roots.
(2)In Song of Solomon Morrison manages to achieve her theme by employing folk myths and legends and magic realism to sing prai of the long history and civilization of the African Americans and expo the evils and crimes of racism.
(3)The greatness of this novel lies in its interlocking plotlines,varieties of language,and the tapestry of folktales,legends,magic,and fantasy.
（1）《所罗门之歌》的发表奠定了莫里森在当代美国文坛的地位。这部小说被看作是继《土生子》和《隐形人》之后非裔美国文学的又一里程碑。它讲述了一个美国黑人试图寻祖归根的故事。
（2）在《所罗门之歌》中莫里森通过使用民间神话传奇和魔幻现实主义来点明主题，颂扬美国黑人文明及其悠久的历史，展现种族主义的罪恶可耻。
（3）这部作品的伟大之处在于它交错纵横的情节、多种多样的语言以及丰富多彩的民间故事、传说、魔法和幻想。
◆Beloved《宠儿》
(1)Beloved is Morrison’s best known work.It is bad on the true antebellum story of a slave mother,Margaret Garner,killing her own children just for them to avoid slavery.“Beloved”in Morrison’s novel is the word inscribed on the tombstone of the child killed by its mother.
(2)The novel reconstructs history through black folk culture and folk tales,and
brings to life the horrible experience of slavery as history.It is a powerful book:it not only makes African Americans to think;it compels the white gment of the society to face history,too.
（1）《宠儿》是莫里森最为著名的作品，是根据内战前一个真实的故事而作。一个奴隶母亲，玛格丽特·加纳，杀死自己的孩子以免他们沦为奴隶，“宠儿”是她在孩子墓碑上刻的文字。
（2）这部小说通过黑人民俗文化和民间故事重建历史，将可怕的奴隶史再现生活当中。这是一部极具影响力的作品：它不仅让美国黑人开始思考，也迫使白人群体面对历史。
26.2课后习题详解
1.Why does the author choo Twyla as the narrator of the story?How is she characterized?
Key:Becau on a superficial level,the white has the right to talk about something and the black has to keep silent.In a deep n,Twyla,as a white and outsider,would be objective to describe the black images around her.She is characterized through her language,actions and psychological activities,and the comparison between her and Roberta as well.
2.In what ways are the changes in time and space esntial ingredients of the story?
Key:The story has a very large span of time and space,which covers the
characters’early age and the time after they have their own families.Their experiences of young age
become their main memories and subjects of their talk. Their different attitudes towards such memories and the events happing around them reflect their different opinions and attitudes towards people,world and life. Through the changes in time and space there shows the different characteristics, personalities and qualities of the two main characters.
3.Why does Roberta cry at the end of the story?
Key:Becau Roberta had a very complex feeling about Maggie just as about her mother,who made her an“orphan”.She did not like Maggie and wanted to abu her,but she could not do it becau of her conscience.Now,when she has to face her past and memories,she still feels very sorrowful and struggling.She cannot get over it.
